Subtractive Schooling Traditional Assimilation model Success increases through

Subtractive Schooling Traditional “Assimilation” model: --Success increases through the generations For Latino Students of Mexican Descent: --First and second generation students outperform Third and fourth generation counterparts. (why? ) --One size fits all (“urban school reproduces Mexican youth as A monolingual, English speaking, ethnic minority, neither Identified with Mexico nor equipped to function competently In America’s mainstream. ”)

The school divests these youth of important social and cultural Resources, leaving them progressively vulnerable to academic Failure. Teachers fail to forge meaningful connections with their (Latino) students; students are alienated from their teachers And are often hostile toward one another(esp. between US Born and 1 st and 2 nd generation students. Why are relationships so important? Students schooled in Mexico outperform Mexican students Schooled in the US. --bilingual ed. --”Dual frame of reference --look upon US circumstances differently --”do not see themselves through ‘minority’ eyes

Education vs. Educacion is inseparable from established relationships of Demonstrated commitment and caring. Educacion is also “a Foundational cultural construct that provides instructions on How one should live in the world. ---In ‘education’ tend to be concerned with form and non-personal content and only secondarily, if at all, with their students’ Subjective reality. (Teachers) tend to over-interpret urban Youths attire and off-putting behavior as evidence a Rebelliousness that signifies that students don’t care. When teachers withhold social ties from Mexican American youth They confirm this group’s belief that schooling is impersonal, Irrelevant, and lifeless. . . since that definition is grounded in Mexican culture, it’s rejection (signifies) a rejection of their culture. ---Latino students’ sentiments toward schooling are strongly Related to experiences with teachers.