Subtopic 3 WBCs RBC and WBC Mc Connell

Subtopic 3: WBCs

RBC and WBC Mc. Connell 2 nd ED (2014) pg 28

Chapter 7: Mc. Connell 2 nd Ed 2014 Hematopoiesis pg 181

Phagocytosis

White Blood Cells Page 246 Porth 3 rd Ed (2011)

WBC – part of a CBC (from most numerous to least numerous) Normal = 5, 000 to 10, 000 mm 3 Increases with infection and viruses Differential -Counts the number of each type of WBC Neutrophils = 55 -70% - increased with bacterial infection & trauma Decreases in overwhelming bacterial infection But there are increased numbers of bands or stab or segs (segmented) cells (Shift to the left) The neutrophils have been “used up” and the immature cells are released to fight the infection. Arrive within 90 minutes of injury Scavengers – engulf bacteria & cellular debris (Phagocytosis) Produces H 2 O 2 & nitric Oxide to digest the pathogens

WBC Differential con’t Lymphocytes = Agranulocytes 20 -40 % increased in chronic bacterial infection and viral infections T cells = cellular immunity B cells = humoral immunity (antibody production) Differential does not separate the number of T cells from the number of B cells Wander through tissue or are entrapped in lymphoid tissue (lymph nodes)

Monocytes 2 - 8 % Agranulocytes In the circulation ½ life = 1 day then migrate to site of injury and become macrophages Phagocytic cells fight bacteria (faster and longer than neutrophils) Produce Macrophages ……

Lymph Nodes: Mc. Connell 2 nd ED (2014) pg 49

Con’t Eosinophils = 1 - 4% Stain pink Increases during parasitic infection – contain a protein toxic to the parasites, (worms can’t be digested) Increases with allergies by controlling release of chemical mediators & working with basophils Increases with cancer Weak phagocytes & Chemotaxis Take 2 -3 hours after the neutrophils to arrive at site of injury

WBC con’t: Basophils- granulocytes 0. 5 -1% Stain blue in the circulation--Release heparin and vasoactive substances Heparin decreases clotting AND speeds removal of fat particles after meals Important with allergic reactions (Ig. E) & stress. Increases during parasitic infection Precursor to mast cells = located outside capillaries Especially the lung, liver, GI, skin Releases histamine, proteases, cytokines such as Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin Stimulates of cytokines and chemokine synthesis by other inflammatory cells such as monocytes and macrophages

Composition of Blood Mc. Connell 2 nd Ed (2014) pg 180

Developmental Stages of Blood Cells Porth 3 rd Ed (2011) Page 244