Subsurface Drip Irrigation SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION ROOTGUARD the

Subsurface Drip Irrigation

SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION ROOTGUARD® - the best for SDI

ADVANTAGES OF SDI · Efficiency of water use · Roots development · Direct roots feeding · Weed control · Water infiltration · Salinity P K N P N · Wastewater and reused water · Yield · Maintenance · Plant disease caused by moisture · Equipment protection K K N P K P N

SOIL PENETRATION Creation of vacuum pressure in the tubes while laterals are emptied may cause a suction of water and mud into the lateral through the dripper hose in sloped laterals.

PREVENTION OF SOIL PENETRATION Installation of vacuum/air relief valves in high places

ROOT INTRUSION Roots will grow and move into areas where water availability is high, therefore will find their way into the dripper through the dripper hose

Root intrusion and Dripper’s clogging

ROOTGUARD® Dripper that incorporate Balan® into its material. The Balan® is released in controlled manner to the soil for many years and provides a full protection from root intrusion Geoflow range of ROOTGUARD® products: Pc emitters: Adi rootguard® 16, 18, 20 mm , - 1. 6, 2. 2, 3. 5 l/h. Vered rootguard® 16, 17, 20 mm - 2. 0, 3. 5 l/h. Vardit/Inbar/Assif rootguard® 16, 17, 20, 22, 25 mm- 0. 9, 1. 2, , 1. 6, 2. 1 and 3. 4 l/h. Turbulent emitters: Ultra rootguard® 16, 20 mm - 2, 3, 4, 8 l/h. LIN rootguard® 12, 16, 17, 20, 22, 25 mm – 0. 8, 1. 2, 1. 6, 2, 4 l/h. Idit rootguard® 16 mm – 1. 4, 2. 3, 3. 1, 4. 3 l/h.

ROOTGUARD® - PROCESS DEMONSTRATION 25 Balan® is released as a gas through the exit hole and the pipe walls. The release rate depends on the concentration of Balan® in the soil. There is no dependence in water flow through the pipe. 2 ppm

MACHINE FOR SDI INSTALLATION Machine characteristics: § Modularity § Adjustment to various driplines (wall thickness, diameter) § Accurate control on installation depth § Minimal disturbance to soil structure § Simple operation and maintenance

SDI INSTALLATION Key points for proper installation 1. Protection of laterals 2. Uniformity of depth 3. Protection of soil structure 4. Straight lines

BURIAL STAGES 1. Option - furrow digging for distributor or flush pipe 2. Marking the points for lateral laying 3. Fixation of the lateral beginnings 4. Laying process using a dedicated tool 5. Repeating laying process for all laterals 6. Furrow digging for distributor and flush pipe 7. Laying the pipes 8. Connecting the system to water supply 9. “Water test” 10. Flushing the laterals 11. Covering the pipes and compacting the soil . .

SOIL PARAMETERS Soil Light Definition High sand content Medium Heavy High clay content Water retention Low High Volumetric field capacity ~ 15% ~ 35% Water movement Emitters spacing Burial depth Small Up to 30 cm Big Up to 50 cm

International triangle for soil texture classification 20 % 60 70 % 80 silt loam 10 Sandy loam 0% sa clay loam % nd light clay 90 yc lay medium clay loam sand % 50 % 40 % heavy clay 60% 40% 10% 30 ay 70% 50% 20% % 80% 30% % % 10 90% Cl Silt loam 100% lt Si Example: 30% Clay 10% Sand 60% Silt % 10 % 20 % 30 % 40 % 50 % 60 % 70 % 80 % 90 0% 10 Sand

WATER MOVEMENT IN SOIL On soil Soil hydraulic potential: Gravity potential - yg - work for a mass unit needed for a vertical change in water level in a constant pressure. Pressure potential - yp - equals to matrix / capillary potential. The amount of work needed to move pure water for a tank to the soil. Heavy soil Capillary Gravity SDI

CROPS PARAMETERS Crop Cover crops Types Soil cultivation Alfalfa Grass Single time annually Row crops Annual (cotton) Perennial (Asparagus) Vines Trees Wine grapes Fresh (table) Raisins (dried) Avocado Citrus Deciduous Bananas Single time annually Single time Crop life span ? 1/2 -7 years More than 10 years Dozens of years Line spacing - 1 m 21/2 -31/2 m 5 -8 m Roots depth 1/2 -1 m 1 -2 m 1/2 -2 m

PRD - PARTIAL ROOTZONE DRYING New irrigation method for grapevines based on sdi systems and enables control on stomata closure. results: water saving, yield quality improvement, quality wines. Reducing aperture of the stomata Aba transporting To the leaves Abcisic acid (aba) production in roots Drying side Irrigating side Water deficiency

Pistachio - ROOTGUARD® (California, USA 1998) Vineyard - ROOTGUARD® (California, USA 1996)

Lemon orchard ROOTGUARD®

Jojova ROOTGUARD®

Vineyard ROOTGUARD®

SDI + plastic mulching

SDI in Row crops

SDI – Row Crops

SDI – Row Crops

SDI + Soil Mulching

MAINTENANCE Laterals • Lateral flushing • Filter cleaning • Chlorine treatments • Acid treatments Balan® • Manual injection if ROOTGUARD® is not used Re-tracking • Annual field crops

Not just water – mechanization! (working on dry surface)

Not just water - Fertigation P K N K P K N P N N K P

Not just water - Fertigation $ $ $

About 50% savings $ $ $

THE FUTURE Is there enough water? 70 -75% farming 10% industry 15 -20% domestic

THE FUTURE Can we change the paradigm? 90 -92% of domestic Consumption flows to the sewage systems!

WASTEWATER DISPERSAL THROUGH SDI • • Transform a liability into a resource No hazard of direct contact with pathogens No odors Less investment in single houses, isolated facilities, farms, small villages. • Negligible operation costs, may even be negative cost (i. e. : pulp, forage production)

WASTEFLOW TM DRIPLINES ANTIBACTERIAL + SLIPPERY INNER LAYER PURPLE STRIPE FOR IDENTIFICATION ROOTGUARD® SLOW DRAIN EMITTER

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