Substance Abuse Unit 2 Alcohol Tobacco Drugs Substance

Substance Abuse Unit # 2 ►Alcohol ►Tobacco ►Drugs

Substance Abuse Quiz Most adults who smoke started smoking after age 18. True or False 2. When a person gradually needs a larger dose of a drug to get the same effects, it's referred to as: 1. ► ► ► Relapsing Tolerance Withdrawal 3. Drinking hard liquor makes people much more drunk than drinking beer. ► ► Absolutely No way

Substance Abuse Quiz 4. When you smoke a cigarette or chew tobacco, you ingest or absorb which of the following harmful chemicals: ► ► Cyanide (a poison) Benzene (a toxic liquid sometimes used as motor fuel) Formaldehyde (a substance used to preserve dead things) All of the above 5. This drug, which is used as an animal tranquilizer, can cause users to hallucinate, vomit, lose their sense of time, and even stop breathing. ► ► ► Cocaine Ecstasy Ketamine

Answers 1. False 2. Tolerance 3. No 4. All Above 5. Ketamine Nearly 90% of all adult smokers start when they're teens - and never intend to get hooked. Almost every adult who smokes wishes they'd never started. Tolerance is a major warning sign that a person may have a substance abuse problem or addiction. Alcohol has the same effects - whether it's beer, wine, or liquor. A shot of liquor has the same amount of alcohol as a glass of beer or wine. It's the amount a person drinks in a given period of time that affects how drunk they become. In addition to the addictive drug nicotine, you'll find these dangerous chemicals - as well as many more - in cigarettes and smokeless tobacco. Ketamine hydrochloride, which goes by street names like "K" and "cat valium, " causes unpleasant side effects at higher doses - and can even kill you.

Just about everyone knows that the legal drinking age throughout the United States is 21. ► The average American has his or her first drink around age 14. ► According to the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, almost 80% of high school students have tried alcohol. ► Deciding whether to drink is a personal decision that we each eventually have to make. This unit provides information on alcohol, including how it affects your body, so you can make an educated choice. ►

What Is Alcohol? ► Alcohol is created when grains, fruits, or vegetables are fermented. Fermentation is a process that uses yeast or bacteria to change the sugars present in food into alcohol. ► When people drink alcohol, it's absorbed into their bloodstream. ► From there, it affects the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord), which controls virtually all body functions.

How Does It Affect the Body? ► Alcohol is a depressant, which means it slows the function of the central nervous system. ► Alcohol actually blocks some of the messages trying to get to the brain. ► This alters a person's perceptions, emotions, movement, vision, and hearing. ► In very small amounts, alcohol can help a person feel more relaxed or less anxious. ► More alcohol causes greater changes in the brain, resulting in intoxication.

How Does It Affect the Body? Continue… ► People who have overused alcohol may stagger, lose their coordination, and slur their speech. ► Depending on the person, intoxication can make someone very friendly and talkative or very aggressive and angry. ► Reaction times are slowed dramatically which is why people are told not to drink and drive.

Alcohol Poisoning? ► When large amounts of alcohol are consumed in a short period of time, ► alcohol poisoning can result. ► Alcohol poisoning is exactly what it sounds like the body has become poisoned by large amounts of alcohol. ► Violent vomiting is usually the first symptom of alcohol poisoning, as the body tries to rid itself of the alcohol. ► Extreme sleepiness, unconsciousness, difficulty breathing, dangerously low blood sugar, seizures, and even death may result.

What vocab word does this picture remind you of?

Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)

Binge Drinking

Alcohol Poisoning

Alcohol Key Terms Binge Drinking - rapidly downing 5 or more drinks in a row — is the main cause of alcohol poisoning. Alcohol poisoning can also occur when you accidentally ingest household products that contain alcohol. Alcohol Poisoning - a serious — and sometimes deadly — consequence of consuming large amounts of alcohol in a short period of time. Drinking too much too quickly can affect your breathing, heart rate and gag reflex and potentially lead to coma and death. Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) - The concentration of alcohol in the blood, expressed as the weight of alcohol in a fixed volume of blood and used as a measure of the degree of intoxication in an individual. The concentration depends on body weight, the quantity and rate of alcohol ingestion, and the rates of alcohol absorption and metabolism. Also called blood alcohol level. Alcoholism - a chronic disease that makes your body dependent on alcohol. You may be obsessed with alcohol and unable to control how much you drink, even though your drinking is causing serious problems with your relationships, health, work and finances.

Which contains more alcohol? 12 oz. Beer 5 oz. of wine 1. 5 oz of liquor A 12 -ounce beer has about the same amount of alcohol as one 5 -ounce glass of wine, or 1. 5 -ounce shot of liquor.

How long before alcohol leaves the body - - Only time can sober up a person. . . not black coffee, cold showers, exercise, or any other common "cures. " Alcohol leaves the body of virtually everyone at a constant rate of about. 015 percent of blood alcohol content (BAC) per hour. Thus, a person with a BAC of. 015 would be completely sober in an hour while a person with a BAC of ten times that (. 15) would require 10 hours to become completely sober. This is true regardless of sex, age, weight, and similar factors. One alcoholic drink = (. 01 -. 02 BAC)

Effects of Alcohol on the BRAIN ► 1 -2 Drinks = (BAC. 01 -. 05) § Person’s system begins to slow down, relaxed feeling, less inhibited, slight decrease in fine motor skills. Person should wait at least 30 minutes before driving. ► 3 -4 Drinks = (BAC. 05 -. 10) WASHINGTON STATE LIMIT (BAC. 08) § Fine motor skills are decreased, performance and responsiveness are reduced. There is a reduction in judgment as well as reaction time. People may feel more alert and talkative, but in reality, the systems are slowed. ► 5 -7 Drinks = (BAC. 10 -. 18) § The senses are dulled, especially speech, hearing, and vision. Balance is altered and person may stagger. There is a decreased sense of pain. ► 8 -12 Drinks = (BAC. 20 -. 33) § The reflex actions are decreased, body temperature drops, blood circulation slows, as well as respiration. Unconsciousness may occur. Further drinking may cause coma and eventual death from alcohol overdose. NOTE: These blood alcohol concentrations BAC’s are based on a 130 lb. person who has consumed the alcohol in a 1 -2 hour span of time.

Why Do Teens Drink? ► 1. 2. 3. 4. ► 1. 2. Experimentation with alcohol during the teen years is common. Some reasons that teens use alcohol and other drugs are: curiosity to feel good, reduce stress, and relax to fit in to feel older From a very young age, kids see and are influenced by: Media (Alcohol Commercials, Models, Idols) Social functions (Family Gatherings, Underage Parties, Peer Pressure)

Why Teenagers Shouldn't Drink? It's illegal; you can get arrested. Teens who drink are also more likely to get into fights and commit crimes than those who don't. It can affect your learning. Drinking can damage a student's ability to study well and get decent grades, as well as affect sports performance. Health risks. Teens who drink are more likely to: 1. 2. 3. § § § Become sexually active and have unsafe, unprotected sex. Become pregnant or contract STD’s which can change - or even end lives – such as AIDS. Have a higher fatality rate when you're under the influence. Drown: 1/2 of all drowning deaths among teen guys are related to alcohol use. Be in an accident: Increases chances that a teen will be involved in a car accident, homicide, or suicide. Are more likely to struggle with alcoholism later in life.

Why Teenagers Shouldn't Drink? Continued… ► Teen drinkers are more likely to become overweight or have other health problems. ► One study by the University of Washington found that people who regularly had five or more drinks in a row starting at age 13 were much more likely to be overweight or have high blood pressure by age 24 than their non-drinking peers. ► People who continue drinking heavily well into adulthood risk damaging their organs, such as the liver, heart, and brain.

Fatalities vs Alcohol-Related Fatalities among 15 -20 Year Olds (2003 -02) State 2003 Fatalities 2003 Alcohol 2002 Alcohol Related Fatalities Related Number - Percent California 612 190 / 31% 650 226 / 35% Texas 597 276 / 46% 611 254 / 42% Florida 411 120 / 29% 381 141 / 37% WA 100 49 / 49% 113 42 / 37%

How Can I Avoid Drinking? ► ► ► If all your friends drink and you don't want to, it can be hard to say "no thanks. " No one wants to risk feeling rejected or left out. Different strategies for turning down alcohol work for different people. Some people find it helps to say no without giving an explanation, while others think offering a reason is more effective. § "I'm not into drinking" § "I have a game tomorrow" § “My uncle died from drinking" If saying no to alcohol makes you feel uncomfortable in front of people you know, blame your parents or another adult for your refusal. § "My parents are coming to pick me up soon" § "I already got in major trouble for drinking once, I can't do it again” § “My coach would kill me“ Teens who have strong self-esteem are less likely to become problem drinkers than people with low self-esteem.

Help Services People with drinking problems can't stop drinking until they are ready to admit they have a problem and get help. This can leave family members and loved ones feeling helpless. The good news is there are many places to turn for help: Supportive adults, such as your guidance counselor, or a relative or older sibling will understand what you're going through. Al-Anon/Alateen http: //www. al-anon. alateen. org This is a support group for family members and friends of alcoholics. Call: (888) 4 AL-ANON Students Against Destructive Decisions (SADD) http: //www. sadd. org. SADD is a peer leadership organization dedicated to preventing underage drinking, other drug use, impaired driving, and destructive decisions. National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) http: //www. nida. nih. gov NIDA offers a science-based drug abuse education program for students, news, information and resources.

Drinking & Driving

TOBACCO & YOUR HEALTH “Tobacco Smokes You!”

Why do people choose NOT to use Tobacco? § § § REASONS Harmful effects on the body. It is easy to get hooked. Participate in activities such as: sports, playing musical instruments & other activities with which tobacco would interfere. Social pressures may influence decisions, such as family members, friends, media etc. Effects of tobacco: bad breath, discolored teeth, sore throat, poor complexion & watery eyes.

Why do people start to USE Tobacco? 1. The strongest factor that influences tobacco use are social pressures: family members, friends & the media. 2. Studies have shown children of tobacco users are more likely to use than children of nontobacco users. 3. Friends and peers are using to fit in. 4. Media & advertisements on billboards show young, attractive, popular people using tobacco.

What is in a Cigarette? • There are over 4, 000 chemicals in tobacco. 200 of them are heavy metals like cadmium (which is used to make batteries). • Over 200 of them are carcinogenic (meaning they cause cancer. )

Million Dollar Question § What chemical in Tobacco triggers addiction? § ……………. . . NICOTINE!!!!!! § It is an ADDITIVE, or habit forming drug found in tobacco. (How else are they going to hook you? ) § At one time Nicotine was used to kill plant pests. Although it won’t kill you instantly, it will affects you over a long period of time. (That way you can make the Tobacco Companies lots of $$$ and then get CANCER!!)

Nicotine’s Effects on the Body § Nicotine Withdrawal: Occurs after the body becomes physically dependent and you crave it in order to function. § Signs include headache, irritability, restlessness & feeling ill. § At this point, tobacco controls your MIND & BODY.

“That’s TARrific!” § Tar is a dark, sticky mixture of chemicals that is formed when tobacco burns. § Smokers see this on their fingers and teeth. It usually turns brown when it sticks to you. § Tar damages the cells that line the respiratory tract. § Tar also contains a CANCER causing agent called Carcinogens. § Cilia are tiny hairs that beat back and forth & sweep dust, microorganisms, and other foreign particles away from the lungs.

Start your Engines it’s…. CARBON MONOXIDE!! § Poisonous, colorless, odorless gas found in cigarette smoke. § When inhaled it attaches to the Hemoglobin in your red blood cells. § Hemoglobin is a substance in your red blood cells that carries oxygen to all parts of the body. § When this occurs you can get ANOXIA, which is a decreased oxygen level in the body.

Can’t Smoke It, Chew It § Smokeless tobacco products are essentially poor -quality tobacco leaves. § It is placed between the cheek & gums and then chewed. § Nicotine enters the bloodstream through the membranes of the mouth. Once this happens you will continue to receive all the benefits of regular tobacco without the smoke. § These products contain particles of sand & grit, which destroy the surface of the teeth, & sugars, which lead to dental cavities. Once again you still can get CANCERS of the mouth.

Use Tobacco Today & You Can WIN…. . § § § § Bad breath Hacking coughs Stained teeth & fingers Shortness of breath Dull taste buds Decreased appetite Destroy vitamins & nutrients in the body

Estimated 350, 000 People each year Will die from Tobacco related diseases.

Up in Smoke Cardiovascular Disease : (Over 125, 000 people die / year) Disease of the heart & blood vessels. Respiratory Disease: Chronic Bronchitis: (swollen bronchial tubes, clogged w/ mucus) Emphysema: (breathing disorder; small air sacs in lungs lose elasticity) Atherosclerosis: (build up of fatty material on the walls of the blood vessels. If condition worsens it can cause a break or a block in blood vessel near heart and result in a stroke. )

CANCER - Is an area of uncontrolled cell growth that invades the surrounding tissue & destroys it.

A little too LATE for LUNG CANCER Lung Cancer is difficult to detect early, which is when treatment would be most effective. By the time most cases of lung cancer have been detected, it is too late for successful treatment.

CHEW on this… Leukoplakia (lu koh play kee uh) involves hard, white patches or sores, which form on the inside of the mouth. In time, this develops into CANCER. This is a precancerous condition. It is caused by the chemicals in spit tobacco. Between 3% and 6% of leukoplakia cases have the potential to become cancer. Stopping the use of tobacco may help prevent cancer from developing. Notice how the gums pull away from the teeth in the area where spit tobacco is held. When this happens, there is loss of the bone that supports the teeth. The gums will not grow back, and neither will the bone.

“SMOKING MOM” - EFFECTS ON UNBORN BABY: Increase in baby’s heart rate Reduces oxygen supply Slows down cell growth Baby usually weighs 7 ounces less than average Slowed mental development High rate of premature birth, miscarriages & still births.

Tobacco Math § § § Average pack of cigarettes costs $5. 00 in Washington: $9. 89 Average smoker smokes 3 packs a day 3 packs x 5. 00 = $15. 00 per day DOES THIS MAKE ANY CENTS!!! 1. 3 packs/day x 1 week = $105. 00 2. $105 week x 1 month = $420. 00 3. $420. 00 / month x ½ year = $2, 520 4. $2, 520 - double that for the year = $5, 040 Are you willing to BURN $$$ ?

Oral Cancer This patient is a 56 year old man who had a 100 pack year history of smoking. He had a large tumor involving the floor of his mouth and jaw. The tumor had protruded through the skin and produced a large mass over his right jaw and chin. This patient also had a small cell carcinoma of the lung which was inoperable.

This patient had a jaw, tongue & neck procedure to remove his Cancer.

TOBACCO: The End § Resources: Kidshealth. org § www. nysmokefree. com

DRUGS

Heroin Brief Description: A narcotic drug derived from the opium poppy plant. ► An addictive drug that is processed from morphine and usually appears as a white or brown powder. ► ► Street Names: Smack, H, ska, junk, and many others. Effects: Short-term effects include a surge of euphoria followed by alternately wakeful and drowsy states and cloudy mental functioning. ► Associated with fatal overdose and- particularly in users who inject the druginfectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS and hepatitis. ► Long-term users may develop collapsed veins, liver disease, and lung complications. ► ► Statistics and Trends: NIDA's 2005 Monitoring the Future study showed that 1. 5% of 10 th and 12 th graders had used heroin at least once. Source: NIDA Infofacts: High School and Youth Trends.

Cocaine ► ► ► ► Brief Description: A stimulant that comes from the leaves of the cocoa plant. It is a powerfully addictive drug that is snorted, sniffed, injected, or smoked. Crack is cocaine that has been processed from cocaine hydrochloride to a free base for smoking. Street Names: Coke, snow, flake, blow, and many others. Effects: A powerfully addictive drug, cocaine usually makes the user feel euphoric and energetic. Common health effects include heart attacks, respiratory failure, strokes, and seizures. Large amounts can cause bizarre and violent behavior. In rare cases, sudden death can occur on the first use of cocaine or unexpectedly thereafter. Statistics and Trends: Adults age 26 and older have the highest rate of current cocaine use, compared to other age groups. Source: National Survey on Drug Use and Health - SAMHSA web site. .

Steroids ( Anabolic ) Brief Description: A drug used to increase hormones such as testosterone which lead to muscle development. ► Human-made substances related to male sex hormones. Some athletes abuse anabolic steroids to enhance performance. Abuse of anabolic steroids can lead to serious health problems, some of which are irreversible. ► Effects: Major side effects can include liver tumors and cancer, jaundice, high blood pressure, kidney tumors, severe acne, and trembling. ► § In males, side effects may include shrinking of the testicles and breast development. § In females, side effects may include growth of facial hair, menstrual changes, and deepened voice. § In teenagers, growth may be halted prematurely and permanently. ► Statistics and Trends: In NIDA's 2005 Monitoring the Future study, 2. 6% of high school seniors reported using steroids at least once. Source: NIDA Infofacts: High School and Youth Trends.

► ► ► ► Prescription Medications Brief Description: Aspirin, Tylenol, Nyquil or any substance that is sold in stores. Prescription drugs that are abused or used for nonmedical reasons can alter brain activity and lead to dependence. Commonly abused classes of prescription drugs include opioids (often prescribed to treat pain), central nervous system depressants (often prescribed to treat anxiety and sleep disorders), and stimulants (prescribed to treat narcolepsy, ADHD, and obesity). Street Names: Commonly used opioids include oxycodone (Oxy. Contin), propoxyphene (Darvon), hydrocodone (Vicodin), hydromorphone (Dilaudid), meperidine (Demerol), and diphenoxylate (Lomotil). Common central nervous system depressants include barbiturates such as pentobarbital sodium (Nembutal), and benzodiazepines such as diazepam (Valium) and alprazolam (Xanax). Stimulants include dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine) and methylphenidate (Ritalin). Effects: Long-term use of opioids or central nervous system depressants can lead to physical dependence and addiction. § Taken in high doses, stimulants can lead to compulsive use, paranoia, dangerously high body temperatures, and irregular heartbeat. ► Statistics and Trends: According to NIDA's 2005 Monitoring the Future study, 9. 5% of high school seniors used hydrocodone (Vicodin) in the past year. Source: NIDA Infofacts: High School and Youth Trends.

LSD (Acid) Brief Description: One of the strongest mood-changing drugs. It is sold as tablets, capsules, liquid, or on absorbent paper. ► Street Names: Acid, blotter, and many others. ► Effects: Unpredictable psychological effects. ► § With large enough doses, users experience delusions and visual hallucinations. § Physical effects include increased body temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure; sleeplessness; and loss of appetite. Statistics and Trends: In 2005, annual use among 12 th graders was 1. 8%. ► Among 10 th graders, annual use was 1. 5%. Source: NIDA Infofacts: ► High School and Youth Trends.

Marijuana ► Brief Description: The most commonly used illegal drug in the U. S. The main active chemical is THC. Street Names: Pot, ganga, weed, grass, and many others. Effects: Short-term effects include memory and learning problems, distorted perception, and difficulty thinking and solving problems. Statistics and Trends: Nearly 45% of U. S. teenagers try marijuana before finishing high school. Source: NIDA Infofacts: High School and Youth Trends.

Methamphetamine ► ► ► Brief Description: An addictive stimulant that is closely related to amphetamine, but has longer lasting and more toxic effects on the central nervous system. It has a high potential for abuse and addiction. Street Names: Speed, meth, chalk, ice, crystal, glass. Effects: Increases wakefulness and physical activity and decreases appetite. Chronic, long-term use can lead to psychotic behavior, hallucinations, and stroke. Statistics and Trends: According to the 2004 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, nearly 12 million Americans have tried methamphetamine. Source: National Survey on Drug Use and Health - SAMHSA web site.

Smoking/Nicotine ► ► ► Brief Description: One of the most heavily used addictive drugs in the U. S. Effects: Nicotine is highly addictive. The tar in cigarettes increases a smoker's risk of lung cancer, emphysema, and bronchial disorders. The carbon monoxide in smoke increases the chance of cardiovascular diseases. Secondhand smoke causes lung cancer in adults and greatly increases the risk of respiratory illnesses in children. Statistics and Trends: In 2004, 30% of the U. S. population over age 12 used tobacco at least once in the month prior to being interviewed. Source: National Survey on Drug Use and Health - SAMHSA web site. .

Club Drugs ► ► ► ► Brief Description: Typically used by teenagers and young adults at bars, clubs, concerts, and parties. The most common club drugs include Ecstasy (MDMA), GHB, Rohypnol, ketamine, methamphetamine, and acid (LSD). Street Names: XTC, X (MDMA); Special K, Vitamin K (ketamine); liquid ecstasy, soap (GHB); roofies (Rohypnol). Effects: Chronic use of MDMA may lead to changes in brain function. GHB abuse can cause coma and seizures. High doses of ketamine can cause delirium, amnesia, and other problems. Mixed with alcohol, Rohypnol can incapacitate users and cause amnesia. Statistics and Trends: According to the 2004 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, more than 11 million people have tried MDMA, more than 11 million have tried methamphetamine, and more than 23 million have tried LSD at least once. Source: National Survey on Drug Use and Health - SAMHSA web site.