SUBSTANCE ABUSE TAJUDDIN SHAIK ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER RAIPUR REGION

Substance abuse As a pattern of harmful use of any substance for mood altering purpose

DRUG A drug is any substance which, when taken into the body alters its functions physically and/or psychologically, excluding food and water

RISK FACTORS FOR SUBSTANCE ABUSE AMONG ADOLESCENTS • • Disbelieves and wrong perceptions Lack of knowledge of consequences Low self efficacy Depression/self-esteem Poor psychological well being Low academic achievements Home and social environment

STRESS

RISK FACTORS • LOW ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT • POOR PSYCHOLOGICAL BEING • ADOLOSCENTS MAY LACK WELL DEVELOPED SELF CONTROL AND MAY BEHAVE MORE IMPULSIVELY THAN ADULTS • LACK OF VARIOUS LIFE SKILLS

• ATTITUDES AND VALUES OF PARENTS AND PEER • SUBSTANCE USE BY PARENTS, SIBLINGS AND PEER • EASY ACCESSIBILITY OF DRUGS • INFLUENCE OF ADVERTISING AND MEDIA

MEDIA

• To feel grown up • To take risk and to rebel against authority • To fit into and belong to a group • To relax and feel good • To satisfy curiosity

STAGES OF ADOLECENT SUBSTANCE USE • Curiosity and pre-abuse • Experimentation • Actively seeking drugs • Preoccupation with drugs • Dependence

SOME DRUGS

• • Marijuana -- Cannabinoids Cocaine -- Stimulant Amphetamines – Stimulant Barbiturates -- Depressant Benzodiazipines -- Depressant Heroin -- Narcotics LSD ( Lysergic acid diethylamide) Hallucinogen • Anabolic steroids

SMOKING = DEATH

ILL EFFECTS OF SMOKING • • • Bad smell Smoker’s cough Gastric ulcer Chronic bronchitis Increase in heart rate and Blood Pressure Premature and more abundant face wrinkles Heart disease (CAD) Stroke Cancer Burns Violent arguments with non-smokers

REAL FACE OF A SMOKER

Tobacco- Social Damage • • • Tobacco causes 1 in 5 deaths Premature deaths ( 50 -65 years) Premature widows 60%+ of Cardiology runs on tobacco 40 -60% Adult cancers are due to tobacco and smoking

TOBACCO POISON( Nicotine) • ANTIGENIC • CYTOTOXIC • MUTAGENIC • CARCINOGENIC CIGARETTE PAN PARAG BEEDIS ZARDA KHAINI CIGAR

Tobacco and Life Span • Tobacco increases heart and breathing rates. • Thus reduces life span by 10 -20 years. • Every cigarette reduces your life span by 5 minutes !!!!! • Tobacco also kills by heart attacks & strokes

EPIDEMIOLOGY • SMOKERS - 70 % OVERALL HIGHER DEATH RATES • 50 % REGULAR SMOKERS WILL DIE PREMATURELY • YOUNGER THE SMOKER, HIGHER THE MORTALITY

NOTE - EXCESS FAT Post Mortem HEART after fatal heart attack

FRESH INFARCTION RV LV OLD INFARCTION RV LV

CANCERS • TOBACCO CAUSES 35% -40 % OF ALL CANCERS • USUALLY LUNG CANCER • LARYNX, ORAL, OESOPHAGUS, STOMACH, LEUKAEMIA, KIDNEY, PANCREAS, SKIN, BLADDER CANCERS • MORE RECURRENT CANCER AFTER SURGERY

INFILTRATING ORAL CANCER COURTESY - TOBACCO CHEWING

Tongue Cancer

LEUKOPLAKIA - A PRE CANCEROUS CONDITION NOTE - NICOTINE ERODED TEETH Snuff dippers Cancer

LEUKOPLAKIA - PATIENT CONTINUED SMOKING CANCER HAS DEVELOPED

LOWER LIP CANCER- EARLY AND LATE STAGE’S

LIP CANCER AT CIGAR SMOKING SITE

LOWER LIP CANCER -RIGHT SIDED SMOKER

O C C OR A B G O E T N I R W G, A !! E CH KIN BAD O LY M L S A U Q E

RESPIRATORY DISEASE • COPD/ASTHMA - RAJ KAPOOR • MORE PNEUMONIA, ASTHMA • WEAK LUNGS - MORE TB

NORMAL X-RAY CHEST COPD – LUNG ABCESS

PREGNANCY • SMALL, LOW WEIGHT BABIES • MORE BIRTH DEFECTS • MORE PERINATAL MORTALITY

What chewing tobacco does to your smile

DEPRESSION • MORE IN SMOKERS • MORE IN WIVES OF SMOKERS • LOSS/WASTE OF MONEY • TOBACCO SMELL AT HOME • PREMATURE DISABILITY & DEATH • FEAR OF WIDOWHOOD

Tobacco. Quit the habit !!! • • • Tragic consequences Enormous health costs 25% Indians use tobacco/smoke 40% adult Indian men –take tobacco Powerful addiction– difficult to quit!!! Nicotine – one of the most powerful addictive substances in nature

Tobacco addiction • Tobacco releases dopamine in the brain • A rewarding neuro-chemical related to pleasure • Sets up craving ---to maintain the habit !!! • Quitting means feeling dull and very low – for few days-weeks.

SMOKING! CREMATION BY INSTALMENT PLAN

ALCOHOL

ILL EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL SHORT TERM • Distorted vision, hearing and coordination • Altered perceptions and emotions • Impaired judgments • Bad breath • Hangovers

LONG TERM • Loss of appetite • Vitamin deficiency • Stomach ailments skin problems sexual impotence • Liver damage • Problems associated with heart and CNS • Loss of memory

DRUGS

WARNING SIGNS • • Drop in academic performance Unexplained absence from school Lack of interest in persona, hygiene Withdrawal Isolation Depression Fatigue

• Aggressive and rebellious behavior • Deteriorating relationships with family and friends • Loss of interest in hobbies • Change in sleeping and eating habits • Fluctuations in weight, appetite

PREVENTION AND CONTROL • Avoid undue peer pressure • Education and Counseling • Seeking help from parents and peer • Looking for danger sign • Seeking professional and medical help

THANK YOU