Submm THz Masatoshi Ohishi NAOJ H 2 O

Submm & THz Masatoshi Ohishi NAOJ

H 2 O L o w a b s o r p ti o n H i g h O 2 June 4, 2010 O 2 H 2 O IUCAF Summer School 2010 2

June 4, 2010 IUCAF Summer School 2010 3

June 4, 2010 IUCAF Summer School 2010 4

Rec ITU-R RA. 314 • List of most important lines among observed • • • 3, 000/ possible 10, 000 lines Frequency bands for Continuum observations Recommends to protect these bands Bands not listed in the Rec are also important for RAS June 4, 2010 IUCAF Summer School 2010 5

June 4, 2010 IUCAF Summer School 2010 6

RA bands above 71 GHz June 4, 2010 IUCAF Summer School 2010 7

RR 2. 1 June 4, 2010 IUCAF Summer School 2010 8

Transmission in Submm June 4, 2010 IUCAFMatsushita, Summer School 2010 9 Transmission measurement: S. et al. , PASJ, 51, 603 (1999)

ALMA Project © NAOJ June 4, 2010 IUCAF Summer School 2010 10

5. 565 The frequency band 275 -1000 GHz may be used by administrations for experimentation with, and development of, various active and passive services. In this band a need has been identified for the following spectral line measurements for passive services: – radio astronomy service: 275‑ 323 GHz, 327‑ 371 GHz, 388‑ 424 GHz, 426‑ 442 GHz, 453‑ 510 GHz, 623‑ 711 GHz, 795‑ 909 GHz and 926 -945 GHz; – Earth exploration-satellite service (passive) and space research service (passive): 275 -277 GHz, 294‑ 306 GHz, 316‑ 334 GHz, 342‑ 349 GHz, 363‑ 365 GHz, 371‑ 389 GHz, 416‑ 434 GHz, 442‑ 444 GHz, 496‑ 506 GHz, 546‑ 568 GHz, 624‑ 629 GHz, 634‑ 654 GHz, 659‑ 661 GHz, 684‑ 692 GHz, 730‑ 732 GHz, 851‑ 853 GHz and 951‑ 956 GHz. Future research in this largely unexplored spectral region may yield additional spectral lines and continuum bands of interest to the passive services. Administrations are urged to take all practicable steps to protect these passive services from harmful interference until the date when the allocation Table is established in the above-mentioned frequency band. (WRC‑ 2000) 11

Allocation > 275 GHz • • No allocation at present (only footnote 5. 565) Agenda Item for WRC-2012 > AI 1. 6 – to review RR 5. 565 (Res. 950) > No Allocations > Rec ITU-R RA. 1860 Preferred frequency bands for radio astronomical measurements in the range 1 -3 THz input from IAU Div. X through IUCAF June 4, 2010 IUCAF Summer School 2010 12

Use of submm / THz regions • Radio astronomers actually observe in • • submm In submm region no company plans to introduce its service High atmospheric attenuation easier to share bands PDN Rep. RA[THz-share] June 4, 2010 IUCAF Summer School 2010 13

The Earth at Night (optical) June 4, 2010 IUCAF Summer School 2010 14

June 4, 2010 IUCAF Summer School 2010 15

June 4, 2010 IUCAF Summer School 2010 16

Above 10 THz End of RR June 4, 2010 IUCAF Summer School 2010 17

Relevant Articles • • RR 1. 5 radio waves or hertzian waves: Electromagnetic waves of frequencies arbitrarily lower than 3 000 GHz, propagated in space without artificial guide. ITU Constitution, Article 12, 78 …. – by carrying out studies without limit of frequency range and adopting recommendations on radiocommunication matters. June 4, 2010 IUCAF Summer School 2010 18

Optical Communication • Laser Communication by using f > 10 THz is under study (USA, Japan) Interference at Optical/IR regions in near future ? June 4, 2010 IUCAF Summer School 2010 19

Usage • • GSO/GSO, GSO/non-GSO crosslinks Non-GSO/non-GSO crosslinks GSO-ground links See Rec. ITU-R S. 1590 Technical and operational characteristics of satellites operating in the range 20 -375 THz June 4, 2010 IUCAF Summer School 2010 20

bands June 4, 2010 IUCAF Summer School 2010 21

OIECTS by JAXA, Japan June 4, 2010 IUCAF Summer School 2010 22

RAS side • • Rec. ITU-R RA. 1630 Technical and operational characteristics of ground-based astronomy systems for use in sharing studies with active services between 10 THz and 1 000 THz Lists major optical/IR astronomical observatories June 4, 2010 IUCAF Summer School 2010 23

Adaptive Optics l = 589 nm (Na D 2) June 4, 2010 IUCAF Summer School 2010 24

Collaboration with Optical/IR astronomers • • • IAU GA in Sydney Com. 50 had a session with optical/IR people Several people agreed to work with Silence since then June 4, 2010 IUCAF Summer School 2010 25