SUBMERSIBLES Deep floor exploration Dr Gallo deep sea

SUBMERSIBLES • • • Deep floor exploration Dr. Gallo deep sea dive more to explore ALVIN in a submersible jonathan bird 16 min our deep ocean

SHORT HISTORY SUBMERSIBLES • Average depth of ocean is 3, 700 m. • Deepest Scuba dive is about 135 m • • Scuba limitation: cold, pressure REALLY little better? crazy

TIME LINE • 1934 Dr. William Beebe reached a depth of 1000 meters in a steel chamber called a Bathysphere ( fits 2 people).

Beebe’s Bathysphere History

• TIME LINE • 10 min video

In 1960 a Swiss team of Auguste and Jacques Piccard, made the deepest dive in a submersible (bathyscaphe) to the bottom of the Mariana Trench (10, 852 meters- 4 hrs. ).

• cameron's dive in 1 min (2 min) • dive to marianna

• 1964 - Alvin is a submersible that has logged in over 4, 400 dives to date. It holds a crew of 3. history of alvin • VENTS

• 1966 - ALVIN recovered hydrogen bomb • Investigates hydrothermal vents • • • Submersable discoveries barrel eye discoveries COOL SUBS On 17 March 1966, Alvin was used to locate a submerged 1. 45 -megaton hydrogen bomb lost in a United States Air Force midair accident over Palomares, Spain. The bomb, found resting nearly 910 metres (2, 990 ft) deep, was raised intact on 7 April

• 50 years Alvin Part 2 Rebuild • Part 1 • Part 3 restructure of alvin to 2013 6 min

Alvin

REVIEW • Challenger deep in Mariana Trench – deepest part of our ocean 7 miles deep • Found 350 km SW of Guam • Navy used explosives to find location of challenger deep – real-time echos to map ocean floor • Beebe logged 40 dives in Bathysophere • Cameron – 2 nd man to dive 7 miles (challenger deep) • Deepest scuba dive 1044 ft. • Alvin discovered: Hydrogen bomb, Titanic, and Hydrothermal vents • Extremophiles – organisms living under extreme conditions Ex. Tube worms/shrimp by hydrothermal vents

• 1979 -Dr. Sylvia Earle holds the record for the deepest solo dive- 380 meters. (1246. 72 ft) in a Jim Suit

New Suit (2 Min) • The JIM suit is an atmospheric diving suit (ADS) • One Man Suit

The Jim Suit

Dr. Earle Dive (7 min) • • Dr. Earle and deep sea diving (2 min) Dr. Earle and exploration 11 min #Cool creature (sea Pigs) #Oar fish ROV 2 min submersible – whale If you don't want water (other end of extreme)

• Dr. Gallo (17 min)

Types of Underwater Vehicles HOV’s – Human operated vehicles (like Alvin) ROV’s – Remote Operated Vehicles • Are tethered to ship AUV’s – Autonomous Underwater vehicles robots pre-programmed to collect data Hybrid Vehicles – combine ROV’s with AUV’s cooll deep sea species

• • ROV and sperm whale sample collection Dead whale? Dancer?

• Cool eruption • exploring underwater lava

How do Modern Submersibles Explore the Ocean Floor? Eruptiong volcano ROVs – Remote Operated Vehicles

JASON • Robot connected by cables from a surface ship WHAT JASON SEES 35 SEC

How was the Titanic Found?

Why were scuba divers not used to locate the resting place of the Titanic? 12, 500 ft

Sonar • Sonar stands for sound navigation and ranging. • Sonar uses a beam of sound waves directed downward • Sound wave will bounce off and return back causing an echo. • Image of bottom or object is created

Sonar

• Sounding the Deepest Spot on Earth 1 min

JAMES CAMERON • Long Way Down 2 min • long way down 3 min

Summary The development of advanced technology, in the form of submersibles, robot vehicles, and sonar equipment has opened up the fields of Marine Biology and Oceanography in a way we could never have imagined!