Subjunctive Mood Latin Verbs Mood Latin verbs possess

Subjunctive Mood

Latin Verbs: Mood �Latin verbs possess 3 moods: 1. Indicative Mood: expresses statements of fact 2. Imperative commands Mood: expresses 3. Subjunctive Mood: expresses wishes and possibilities

Subjunctive Mood �Subjunctive Mood has four tenses: Present, Imperfect, Perfect, and Pluperfect tenses ◦ Active and Passive voices � Translation of Subjunctive depends on the type of subjunctive clause used (TBD)

Present Tense between Subjunctive main difference the �The present indicative and subjunctive is a vowel change: 1 st Conjugation: replace present stem vowel –a with –e 2 nd Conjugation through 4 th Conjugation: add an –a to the present stem

Present Tense Subjunctive First Conjugation: � amo, amāre, amavi, amatus - a, um � ama- (replace the a- with e-) ame + P. E. Active Voice amemus ametis amet ament � Translation Passive Voice amer amemur ameris amemini ametur amentur depends upon use � Generally accepted translation: may …(active) may be…-ed (passive)

Present Tense Subjunctive Second Conjugation: � moneo, monēre, monui, monitus- a, um � mone-(add ana- to stem) monea+ P. E. Active Voice moneamus moneatis moneat moneant � Translation Passive Voice monear moneamur monearis moneamini moneatur moneantur depends upon use � Generally accepted translation: may warn (active) may be warned (passive)

Present Tense Subjunctive Third Conjugation: � pono, ponere, posui, positus- a, um � Pon- (add ana- to stem) pona+ P. E. Active Voice ponamus ponatis ponat ponant � Translation Passive Voice ponar ponamur ponaris ponamini ponatur ponantur depends upon use � Generally accepted translation: may place (active) may be placed (passive)

Present Subjunctive Fourth (3 –io. Tense ) Conjugation: rd audīre, audivi, auditus – a, um � audi- (add ana- to stem) audia + P. E. � audio, Active Voice audiam ponamus audias ponatis audiat ponant � Translation � Generally Passive Voice audiar audiamur audiaris audiamini audiatur audiantur depends upon use accepted translation: may hear (active) may be heard (passive)

Present Subjunctive of Irregular Verbs sim sis sit simus sitis sint Generally accepted translation: may be sum, esse, fui, futurus –a, um possis possit possimus possitis possint Generally accepted translation: may be able, could possum, posse, potui, --

Imperfect Tense Subjunctive �Imperfect subjunctive is formed the same way for all four conjugations: ◦ present active infinitive + personal endings ◦ -m -mus ◦ -s -tis ◦ -t -nt

Imperfect Tense Subjunctive First Conjugation: � amo, amāre, amavi, amatus - a, um � amāre + Personal Endings Active Voice amāremus amāretis amāret amārent � Translation Passive Voice amārer amāremur amāreris amāremini amāretur amārentur depends upon use � Generally accepted translation: might love might be loved

Imperfect Tense Subjunctive Second Conjugation: � moneo, monēre, monui, monitus- a, um � monēre + Personal Endings Active Voice monēremus monēretis monēret monērent � Translation Passive Voice monērer monēremur monēreris monēremini monēretur monērentur depends upon use � Generally accepted translation: might warn might be warned

Imperfect Tense Subjunctive Third Conjugation: � pono, ponere, posui, positus- a, um � ponere + Personal Endings Active Voice poneremus poneretis poneret ponerent � Translation Passive Voice ponerer poneremur ponereris poneremini poneretur ponerentur depends upon use � Generally accepted translation: might place might be placed

Imperfect Tense Subjunctive Fourth Conjugation: � audio, audīre, audivi, auditus – a, um � audīre + Personal Endings Active Voice audīremus audīretis audīret audīrent � Translation Passive Voice audīrer audīremur audīreris audīremini audīretur audīrentur depends upon use � Generally accepted translation: might hear might be heard

Imperfect Subjunctive of Irregular Verbs essem esses esset essemus essetis essent Generally accepted translation: might be sum, esse, fui, futurus –a, um posses posset possemus possetis possent Generally accepted translation: might be able possum, posse, potui, --

Perfect Active Subjunctive �Perfect subjunctive is formed the same way for all four conjugations: ◦ Perfect Active Stem (3 rd P. P. )+ ◦ -erimus ◦ -eris -eritis ◦ -erit -erint

Perfect Active Subjunctive First Conjugation: amāre, amavi, amatus - a, um � amav + -erim, -eris, -erit, -erimus, -eritis, -erint � amo, amaverim amaveris amaverit � Translation amaverimus amaveritis amaverint depends upon use � Generally accepted translation: may have loved

Perfect Active Subjunctive Second Conjugation: monēre, monui, monitus- a, um � monu + -erim, -eris, -erit, -erimus, -eritis, -erint � moneo, monuerim monueris monuerit � Translation monuerimus monueritis monuerint depends upon use � Generally accepted translation: may have warned

Perfect Active Subjunctive Third Conjugation: � pono, ponere, posui, positus- a, um � posu + -erim, -eris, -erit, -erimus, -eritis, -erint posuerim posueris posuerit � Translation posuerimus posueritis posuerint depends upon use � Generally accepted translation: may have placed

Perfect Active Subjunctive Fourth Conjugation: � audio, audīre, audivi, auditus – a, um � audīv + -erim, -eris, -erit, -erimus, -eritis, -erint audiverim audiveris audiverit � Translation audiverimus audiveritis audiverint depends upon use � Generally accepted translation: may have heard

Perfect Active Subjunctive of Irregular Verbs fuerim fueris fuerit fuerimus fueritis fuerint Generally accepted translation: may have been sum, esse, fui, futurus –a, um potuerimus potueritis potuerit potuerint Generally accepted translation: may have been able possum, posse, potui, --

Pluperfect Subjunctive

Pluperfect Active Subjunctive �Perfect subjunctive is formed the same way for all four conjugations: ◦ Perfect Active Infinitive + personal endings or -issem ◦ 3 rd PP + -isses -isset -issemus -issetis -issent

Pluperfect Active Subjunctive First Conjugation: �amo, amāre, amavi, amatus - a, um �amavisse + Personal Endings amavissem amavisses amavisset � Translation amavissemus amavissetis amavissent depends upon use � Generally accepted translation: might have loved

Second Conjugation: � moneo, monēre, monui, monitus- a, um � monuisse + Personal Endings monuissem monuisses monuisset � Translation monuissemus monuissetis monuissent depends upon use � Generally accepted translation: might have warned

Pluperfect Active Subjunctive Third Conjugation: � pono, ponere, posui, positus- a, um � posuisse + Personal Endings posuissem posuisses posuisset � Translation posuissemus posuissetis posuissent depends upon use � Generally accepted translation: might have placed

Pluperfect Active Subjunctive Fourth Conjugation: � audio, audīre, audivi, auditus – a, um � audīvisse + Personal Endings audivissem audivisses audivisset � Translation audivissemus audivissetis audivissent depends upon use � Generally accepted translation: might have heard

Pluperfect Active Subjunctive of Irregular Verbs fuissemus fuissetis fuisset fuissent Generally accepted translation: might have been sum, esse, fui, futurus –a, um potuisses potuisset potuissemus potuissetis potuissent Generally accepted translation: might have been able possum, posse, potui, --

Perfect Passive Subjunctive

Perfect Passive Subjunctive �Perfect subjunctive is formed the same way for all four conjugations: ◦ Perfect Passive Participle(4 th P. P. ) and present subjunctive of sum(sim, sis…) ◦ Perfect Passive Subjunctive is a two word form

Perfect Passive Subjunctive First Conjugation: � amo, amāre, amavi, amatus, - a, -um � amatus and present subjunctive of sum amatus sis amatus sit � Translation � Generally amati simus amati sitis amati sint depends upon use accepted translation: may have been loved

Perfect Passive Subjunctive Second Conjugation: � moneo, monēre, monui, monitus, - a, -um � monitus and present subjunctive of sum monita sis monita sit monitae simus monitae sitis monitae sint Translation depends upon use � Generally accepted translation: may have been warned

Perfect Passive Subjunctive Third Conjugation: � pono, ponere, posui, positus, - a, -um � positus and present subjunctive of sum positum sis positum sit � Translation � Generally posita simus posita sitis posita sint depends upon use accepted translation: may have been placed

Perfect Passive Subjunctive Fourth Conjugation: � audio, audīre, audivi, auditus, – a, -um � auditus and present subjunctive of sum auditus sis auditus sit � Translation � Generally auditi simus auditi sitis auditi sint depends upon use accepted translation: may have been heard

�Perfect subjunctive is formed the same way for all four conjugations: ◦ Perfect Passive Participle (4 th P. P. ) and imperfect subjunctive of sum ◦ Pluperfect Passive Subjunctive is a two word form

Pluperfect Passive Subjunctive First Conjugation: � amo, amāre, amavi, amatus, - a, um � amatus and imperfect subjunctive of sum amatus esses amatus esset � Translation � Generally amati essemus amati essetis amati essent depends upon use accepted translation: might have been loved

Pluperfect Passive Subjunctive Second Conjugation: � moneo, monēre, monui, monitus- a, um � monitus and imperfect subjunctive of sum monita esses monita esset � Translation � Generally monitae essemus monitae essetis monitae essent depends upon use accepted translation: might have been warned

Pluperfect Passive Subjunctive Third Conjugation: � pono, ponere, posui, positus- a, um � positus and imperfect subjunctive of sum positum esses positum esset � Translation � Generally posita essemus posita essetis posita essent depends upon use accepted translation: might have been placed

Pluperfect Passive Subjunctive Fourth Conjugation: � audio, audīre, audivi, auditus – a, um � auditus and imperfect subjunctive of sum auditus esses auditus esset � Translation � Generally auditi essemus auditi essetis auditi essent depends upon use accepted translation: might have been heard