SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES Sentence Structure Lesson 1 WARM

SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES Sentence Structure Lesson 1

WARM UP Answer the following questions on your whiteboard. 1. What makes a sentence complete? 2. What makes a sentence incomplete?

SUBJECTS The NOUNS and PRONOUNS that are completing the action in the sentence * The Who or What of a sentence Example Robert asked for his late work. It was late when we got home. Lime green is my favorite color.

PREDICATES ACTIONS (verbs) in the sentence *Tells what the subject is DOING Examples Jane cried. Marcus was talking. The rain ended the baseball game.

COMPLETE SENTENCES Each needs a subject and a predicate. Except for sentences that are also demands aka imperative sentences Subjects are on the left, predicates are right. Examples She runs. Stop. Bob went to school, but Kyle stayed home.

COMPOUND SUBJECTS & PREDICATES Sentences can have more than one subject and/or more than one predicate. Examples Chris and I studied. Jane swept and vacuumed. She and I ate pizza and watched movies.

LONGER SENTENCES Sentences may have more than one set of subjects and predicates. Examples I went home and my mom yelled at me. She threw the ball at me but I dropped it. I had a headache until I took a nap.

PRACTICE 1. Write each sentence on your whiteboard. 2. Underline subjects. 3. Circle predicates.

1 Sean went home and did his homework.

2 My dog and I went to the lake and swam.

3 It doesn’t rain in the desert very much.

4 Darren and Cara always pick Law in Tekken.

INCOMPLETE SENTENCES FRAGMENTS Does not have either a subject or a predicate. Some just tell the “who” Others just tell the “what” Examples The slippery frog. Forgot the homework. *Because I went home.

FRAGMENTS OR NOT 1. Never been skiing before. 2. The dangerous gorilla. 3. While I was eating dinner, Dad was making dessert. 4. While I was eating dinner.

STOP! LOOK AT THE SENTENCE I saw a teacher who cares. v What is wrong with this sentence? v It has two complete thoughts in it I saw a teacher. Who cares?

INCOMPLETE SENTENCES RUN – ON v A sentence that has too many ideas and goes on too long Example: Murray takes the train to school Mom takes the bus to work.

FIXING RUN-ONS v Break it into two sentences • Murray takes the train to school. Mom takes the bus v Add a comma and a conjunction (FANBOYS) • Carmen loved travelling in Italy, but she felt it was too hot.

RUN-ON OR NOT 1. I want to go to the beach and the zoo and the park and the pizza shop and the arcade. 2. Jan and I have homework to do, but luckily we can do it together. 3. Because Maggie energetically watched Calvin.

TYPES OF SENTENCES

SIMPLE SENTENCE Contains a subject and a verb (a predicate) and express a one complete thought They are also known as independent clauses Example My friend has a beautiful fish. My friend and I both have fish. My friend feeds and watches her fish.

SIMPLE SENTENCES OR NOT 1. We congratulated the team on their amazing win. 2. My favorite fruits are oranges and grapes, but my friend loves pineapples. 3. Ali and Mark flew to Australia three times. 4. We travelled to Belgium last summer and ate waffles. 5. My sister vacuums our house, but my job is to wash dishes.

SIMPLE SENTENCES OR NOT 1. Kara, our friend. 2. Tyler needs five dollars to buy a slushy. 3. Left for work. 4. Both Sarah and Sandy bought gifts for my twin brother and me. 5. Kevin went to the zoo and pet a giraffe.

COMPOUND SENTENCE Contains two related simple sentences (independent clauses) that are joined together in two basic ways. 1) With a comma and a conjunction (FANBOYS) Example: I love dogs, but my family adopted two cats. 2) With a semi colon Example: You have the right to vote in the election; you are now old enough

COMPOUND SENTENCE OR NOT 1. Tara went to the movies and dinner. 2. I am tired, so I went to bed early. 3. Joan went to Hungary not Austria. 4. Justine sent us the tickets; we can now go to NYC. 5. Write your own using comma FANBOYS.

COMPLEX SENTENCE Has one independent clause (simple sentence) plus one dependent clause joined together with a subordinate conjunction * Dependent clauses begin with a subordinate conjunction and contains both a subject and verb Example: I sometimes read at school because it is quiet.

COMPLEX SENTENCE OR NOT 1. Nikki won the game because she practiced. 2. Since I was old enough to read. 3. Since I was old enough to read, I have been reading books at night before bed. 4. I will watch TV after I finish my homework. 5. Callie cooked dinner, but Jay ate take-out.

WHAT TYPE OF SENTENCE? 1. Going to the gym. 2. Kathy flew on her broom stick for the first time. 3. I am a ballerina, but my brother is a wrestler. 4. Livi and Todd sang a duet and danced the tango. 5. Albert cannot believe he is already turning 25 his brother says he is an old man now. 6. Because I am hungry, I will eat dinner early.