Subject Translation of terminology Theme Active voice and

Subject: Translation of terminology Theme: Active voice and Passive voice

Plan: 1. The formation of the Passive Voice. 2. The use of the Passive Voice. 3. The use of tenses in the Passive Voice. 4. Examples for Passive and Active Voice.

The formation of the Passive Voice • The Passive Voice is formed by means of the auxiliary verb to be in the required form and Participle II of the national verb. • The Present, Past and Future Indefinite passive are formed by means of the Present, Past and Future Indefinite of the auxiliary verb to be and Participle II of the national verb.

Present Indefinite Passive • • • I am invited He is invited She is invited We are invited You are invited They are invited

Present Indefinite Passive Past Indefinite Passive • • • I am invited He is invited She is invited We are invited You are invited They are invited • • • I was invited He was invited She was invited We were invited You were invited They were invited

Future Indefinite Passive • • • I shall be invited He will be invited She will be invited We shall be invited You will be invited They will be invited

• The Present, Past and Future Perfect Passive are formed by means of the Present, Past and Future Perfect of the auxiliary verb to be and Participle II of the national verb. • For example: • I have been invited • You had been invited • They will have been invited

• The Present Continuous and the Past Continuous Passive are formed by means of the Present Continuous and the Past Continuous of the auxiliary verb to be and Participle II of the national verb. • For example: • I am being invited • I was being invited • The Future Continuous, the Present Perfect Continuous, the Past Perfect Continuous and the Future Perfect Continuous are not found in the Passive voice.

The use of the Passive V. oice • The Passive Voice can be used: • Without the doer of the action being mentioned. In this case the doer is either unknown or unimportant.

The use of tenses in the Passiv Voice • The uses of tenses in the Active and in the Passive Voice are the same. • Present Indefinite : New schools are built every year. • Past indefinite: This school was built a month ago. • Future Indefinite: A new school will be built in our village in spring.

• Present perfect: The school has been built this month. • Past Perfect: The school had been built by the 1 st of September. • Future Perfect: I am sure the school will have been built by the 1 st of September. • Present Continuous: A new school is being built in our street. • Past Continuous: when I returned to town the school was still being built.

Example 1 doer receiver a. Joe makes a cake. (Active Voice) receiver Be doer b. A cake is made by Joe (Passive Voice) Changes made : Past participle 1. In a, the subject is the doer of the action. In b, the subject is the receiver of the action. 2. In b, the verb is changed into the passive form (Be + past participle). 3. In b, ‘by’ is added before the doer of the action.

Example 2 simple present tense a. Wayne cleans the clothes. (active voice) Be Past participle b. The clothes are cleaned by Wayne. (passive voice) Example 3 simple past tense a. Andy ate the cake. (active voice) Be Past participle b. The cake was eaten by Andy. (passive voice)

Example 4 future tense a. Nicky will do the housework. (active voice) Be Past participle b. The housework will be done by Nicky. (passive voice) present continuous tense Example 5 a. Rocky is washing the dishes. (active voice) Be Past participle b. The dishes are being washed by Rocky. (passive voice)

Example 6 past continuous tense a. Cherry was using the computer. (active voice) Be Past participle b. The computer was being used by Cherry. (passive voice) Example 7 present perfect tense a. Jackie has written two compositions. (active voice) Be Past participle b. Two compositions have been written by Jackie. (passive voice)

How to change the verb to be? Tense Simple present tense Simple past tense Verb to be is / am /are was / were Future tense will be Present continuous tense is / am / are being Past continuous tense Present perfect tense was / were being has been Modal verbs Verb to be can / should / must…etc can be / should be / must be…. etc

How to change negative sentences into passive voice: simple past tense Example 8 a. Cindy did not break the window. (active voice) past participle Be b. The window was not broken by Cindy. (passive voice) Example 9 future tense a. Amy will not buy the tickets. (active voice) Be past participle b. The tickets will not be bought by Amy. (passive voice)

We use the passive voice when: 1. we don’t know who / what the doer is. Eg. : The rich man was killed. 2. the doer is obvious. Eg. : The driver was fined for speeding. 3. the doer is not important. Eg. : The rubbish is removed.

Thank you for your attention!