subject predicate predicative object attribute adverbial object complement

八种句子成分 主语（subject） 谓语（predicate） 表语（predicative） 宾语（object） 定语（attribute） 状语(adverbial) 宾语补足语（object complement） 同位语

定语（attribute）： 限定或修饰名词或代词。 adj. , adverbs for places, pron, n. , prepositional phrases, to do, doing, done and that-clauses. 名词前或后 状语(adverbial) ： 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。 adv. , prepositional phrases, to do, doing done and that-clauses. 具体情况而定位置 宾语补足语（object complement）： 说明宾语的性质、状态、 （adj. , n, adverbs for places, 特征或宾语发出的动作。 to do, doing and done） 宾语之后 同位语：补充说明前面的某个名词或代词。 （n. or that-clauses） e. g. My father, a doctor, is very kind.

Practice: Analyze the following sentences. 1. The farmers don’t stay long in the same places. 2. We are having a wonderful time. 3. It’s dangerous to swim in the river. 4. I watched all the glasses that were on the table fall off onto the floor. 5. I’m going to move to another city next month. 6. Thank you for writing to me. 7. They all study hard. 8. Please keep your body heathy. 句子成分可以由单词，短语或从句充当！

主 语 (n. /pron. ) 单词 The news is true. / He is a boy. 名词 短 The woman doctor is kind. 形容词 语 介词 不定式 To help others is valuable. 动名词 Writing articles is not easy. 分词 从句 Whether he will go there is unknown. That he will go there is true.

表 语(adj. /n. /ad. ) 单词 He is a student. / He is happy. 名词 短 She is a woman doctor. 形容词 She is full of joy. 语 介词 不定式 He is in the room. His wish is to help others. 动名词 My job is writing articles. 分词 The story is interesting. / I am interested in the story. 从句 The fact is that he will go there. The question is whether he will go there.

宾 语 (n. /pron. ) 单词 I know the news. 名词 短 I like the woman doctor. 形容词 语 介词 不定式 动名词 I want to help others. He practiced writing articles. 分词 从句 I know that he will go there. Do you know when he will go there.

宾 补 (adj. /n. /ad. ) 单词 I will make him rich. /I will give you happiness. 名词 短 I found her a woman doctor. 形容词 The news made him full of joy. 语 介词 I found him in the room. 不定式 动名词 分词 He wanted me to help others. I find the story interesting. / I find him interested in the film. 从句

定 语(adj. /ad. ) 单词 He is a good student. 名词 短 形容词 This is a boy full of joy. 语 介词 The boy in the room is Tom. 不定式 动名词 I have a chance to help others. This is a writing desk. 分词 The children like the interesting stories. 从句 I know the boy who visited you. The boy whom you visited is Tom.

状 单词 语(adv. /adj. ) I am sitting here. /I went there yesterday. 名词 短 形容词 He came in , full of joy. 语 介词 不定式 He is sitting in the room. I went there to help others. 动名词 分词 Walking in the street, I saw him. Given enough time, we will do it better. 从句 When I meet him , I will tell him the news. If I meet him , I will tell him the news.

短语、从句、句子 短语： 具有一定意义的一组词， 可作为句子的一个成分。 英语中有下列几种短语： 1. 不定式短语 e. g. He likes to watch TV while having lunch. 2. –ing 短语 e. g. I saw many people standing by the lake. 3. 分词短语 e. g. Given more time , I would do it better. 4. 介词短语 e. g. With his help, I have finished writing the poem. 5. 名词短语 e. g. dark blue sky / a true story/ the most wonderful moment

Pick out the sentences : 1. The first thing we should do is to solve the problem at once. 复句 2. His returning to our country. 短语 3. Names of villages and small towns. 短语 4. Take care of yourself when you are away from home. 复句 5. To discover the secret of the nature. 短语 6. In this restaurant the food is good , but the service is poor. 并列句 7. The thought of her own plan 短语 8. Bought a ticket from the conductor. 单句 9. Inventions such as eyeglasses and the sewing machine 10. have had an important effect on our lives? 并列句

Point out the type of each sentence: 指出句子类型（单，复合，并列） 1. Let him have a rest. 2. The boy is clever yet he is not diligent. 3. Either you are right or I am. 4. My classmates and I study and play together. 5. He once lived and worked there. 6. No one can reply whether it will rain tomorrow. 7. It seemed that they had lost something. 8. The lessons he taught were important. 9. Don’t miss the chance, or you will regret it. 10. I began to go to school at the age of six.

五种基本句子结构 2. S + V + P ( 表语 ) I am happy. It sounds good. I am a student. Tom becomes a teacher.

五种基本句子结构 5. S + Vt + OC +(宾语补足语) I find the man a teacher. I find the book interesting. She thinks me rich. She thinks me a rich man.

五种基本句子结构 Test 1 : The girl with big eyes sits there. S. adj. Vi. adv. Ans: 第一种句型

五种基本句子结构 Test 2 : She becomes a friend of mine at last. S. Vi. SC. adv. Ans: 第二种句型

五种基本句子结构 Test 3 : They are very happy. S. Vi. adv. SC. Ans: 第二种句型

五种基本句子结构 Test 4 : Tom likes to go shopping in the morning. S. Vt. O. adv. Ans: 第三种句型

五种基本句子结构 Test 5 : I know that you are a good boy. S. Vt. O. Ans: 第三种句型

五种基本句子结构 Test 6 : My father buys me a gift when I get good grades. S. Vt. IO. DO. Ans: 第四种句型 adv.

五种基本句子结构 Test 7 : Your words made me sick. S. Vt. O. OC. Ans: 第五种句型

五种基本句子结构 Test 8 : We think her a nice teacher. S. Vt. O. OC. Ans: 第五种句型

五种基本句子结构 Test 9 : The boy holding a hamburger in his hand feeds the dog which is sitting near him every morning because he loves animals so much. Ans: 第三种句型

五种基本句子结构 Test 10 : Eating good food every morning makes me healthy and energetic. Eating good food every morning makes me S. Vt. O. healthy and energetic. OC. Ans: 第五种句型

谓语动词种类 特征 连系动词 跟表语一起作谓语 be, look, seem, feel, sound, taste, smell, get, become, tur n, grow, go, come, keep 不跟宾语，句义已完整 arrive, come, cry, die, fall, go, live, listen, look, rise, reach, s ee, use, want 行 为 动 词 不及物 例词 及物 必须跟宾语，句义才完 整 Know, like, love , make , hear, want, use , see, reach, 兼及与不及 根据动词在句子中的词 义和作用定 ask, begin, blow, call, change, draw, drive, fly, play, run, Sing, study, write 跟动词原形或分词构成 谓语。 Be, have, do, will , should 助动词

Point out the kind of each sentence: 1. Be quiet. Let’s begin our meeting. 2. I enjoy the quietness of the country. 3. What a wonderful birthday I am having! 4. Do these chocolates belong to us? 5. How disappointed Jenny was! 6. Something must be done to stop pollution. 7. Miss Lin went to Hong Kong for a holiday. 8. Take an umbrella along; it’s likely to rain. 9. Inventions such as eyeglasses and the sewing machine have had an important effect on our lives.

e. g. 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 3. It’s getting colder and colder. 4. Everything looks different. 5. He is growing tall and strong. 6. The trouble is that they are short of money. 7. Our well has gone dry. 8. His face turned red.

2. 主＋谓 （vi. ） 特点：句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。 这类动词 叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、 状语从句等。 e. g. 1. The sun was shining. 2. The moon rose. 3. Who cares? 4. What he said does not matter. 5. They talked for half an hour. 6. The pen writes smoothly

3. 主＋谓＋宾 4. （vt. ） 特点：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语发出的动作， 但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟一个宾语， 即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词 叫做及物动词。 e. g. 1. Who knows the answer? 2. He has refused to help them. 3. They ate what was left over. 4. Some people like to communicate by telephone. 5. He admits that he was mistaken.

5. 主+谓+宾+宾补 特点：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还 不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分 来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 e. g. 1. They appointed him manager. 2. They painted the door green. 3. This set them thinking. 4. They found the house deserted. 5. What makes him think so? 6. We saw him out. 7. He asked me to come back soon. 8. I saw them getting on the bus.

6. There be + 主语 + 状语 该句型表示在某处有某人或物, 某个时间有某种活动。重 点表示“存在”。表示存在的连系动词可用于此句型中。 There stands a tall tree on top of the hill. There will be an evening party on 15 th this month. There must be something wrong with him. Look! There lies a letter on the ground.

但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，这些句 子除了基本句型的 成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前 面或后面增加一些修饰语（modifier）而 加以扩大。这 些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词）， 也可以是 各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短 语和分词短语）、句子。 e. g. 1. We found the hall full. 2. We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 3. We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report. 4. We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the People's Daily on current affairs in East Europe.

不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样 e. g. 1. He's getting angry. 2. He got to school early. 3. You'll get a surprise. 4. He got his shoes and socks wet. 5. He got himself into trouble. 6. He got her a splendid present.

在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思 e. g. 1. I found the book easily. 2. I found the book easy. 3. I have to do something. 4. I have something to do.

Analyze the following sentences. 1. To save money , they decided to eat take-away food instead of going to a big restaurant. 2. The rich old couple had their house broken into and lots of things stolen when they were not in. 3. Whether they will come doesn’t matter too much. 4. It’s important for Americans to thank other people for a favor even if what the other people did was very small. 5. Nobody but the professor and his assistants knows the results.

Translate the following sentences into English: 1. 昨天你在街上遇见了谁？ Whom did you meet in the street yesterday? 2. 坐在左边的那个人两分钟前离开了。 The person who sat on the left two minutes ago. 3. 这些天很冷。当心别感冒了。 It’s been cold these days. Take care not to catch cold. 4. 在昨天的报纸上有一些重要新闻。 There was some important news in yesterday’s newspaper. 5. 一些法国人将在一月20日上午到达。 Some French will arrive on the morning of January 20 th. 6. 那边要盖什么？ What will be built over there?