SUBCELLULAR ORGANIZATION Cell Size and Shape l Prokaryotes

SUBCELLULAR ORGANIZATION

Cell Size and Shape l Prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes

Restrictions on Cell Size l Relationship of volume and surface are:

Advantages Overall l Metabolic l Capacity of Nucleus l

Cell Shape

Cell Structure l Nucleus ¡ Function identified:

Nuclear Envelope

Nuclear membrane l Function l Structure

Nucleolus l Structure l Function

Chromosomes/Chromatin l Function l Differences

Ribosomes l Function ¡ Numbers ¡ Free ribosomes

Free Ribosomes l Structure l Function

Bound Ribosomes l Structure l Functions of proteins produced (2)

Endomembrane Organelles l Where l Why

Examples l Nuclear membrane l Plasma membrane

Endoplasmic Reticulum l General function l Structure l Amount

SER l Have enzymes that(3)

RER l Functions - 3

Golgi Apparatus l General function l Structure ¡ 2 sides & functions

Golgi Apparatus l Specific functions - 4

Lysosome l Function l Structure l Formation l Specific Functions – 3

Lysosome l Storage ¡ Pompe’s Diseases/ lysosome problems Disease ¡ Tay-Sachs Disease

Vacuoles & Vesicles

Vacuoles & Vesicles l Structure ¡ Differences ¡ General functions ¡ Specific functions & kinds – 3 l tonoplast

Peroxisome l Function l Structure l Specific Function

Energy Transformers ~ Mitochondria l Function l Structure ¡ Not endomembrane - explain

Mitochondria l l l Membrane composition Number of membranes Cristae Intermembrane space Mitochondrial matrix

Plastids l General function ¡ Chromoplast ¡ Amyloplast

Chloroplast l Structure – not part of endomembrane system (explain)

Chloroplast Thylakoid l Grana l Stroma l Functions l

Cytoskeleton l Function l General structure

Types of fibers of cytoskeleton l Microtubules ¡ Structure

Microtubules l Function ¡ How: Centrosome l Centriole l Cilia & Flagella l

Cilia & Flagella l Function l Structure of cilia & flagella– relationship to basal body

Cilia & Flagella l Movement ¡ name –

Microfilaments l Structure ¡ Size ¡ Description

Microtubules l General function ¡ Specific functions - 3

Intermediate Filaments l Structure ¡ Size ¡ Composition

Intermediate Filaments l General function ¡ Specific function

Comparison

Plant Cells l Cell Wall – also found in. . ¡ ¡ Composition Functions

Plant Cells l Structures ¡ ¡ ¡ Primary cell wall Middle lamella Secondary cell wall

Extracellular Matrix l What l Composition l Functions l New Functions

How Compartmentalization Organizes A Cell’s Function l Three ways