Stylistic Characteristics of Practical English and Its Translation

英语实用文体的特征与翻译 Stylistic Characteristics of Practical English and Its Translation

③ 某些术语与专有名词的翻译错误举例 以下译例中, (A)为错句。 例（1）投标资格预审 （A） investigation of bidding qualification （ B ） prequalification (pre-qualifying) 例（2）（投标中的）联营体 （A） co-operating unit （ B ） joint venture 例（3）就地清洗装置 （A） On-the-spot cleaning equipment （B） CIP apparatus 例（4）羊栖菜深加 处理。 （A）Further Processing of Yangxicai Marine Alga （B）Further Processing of Hijiki •

• 例（5）中国第一汽车集团公司 (A) China No. 1 Automobile Group Company (B) China FAW Group Corporation • 例（6）威姿 (汽车品牌) • (A) Weizi • (B) Vizi (中国合资品牌) 或 Vitz (日本原型车品牌) 或 • Yaris (欧洲原型车品牌) • 例（7）《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》 • (A) Sewage Disposal standard for urban and rural Treatment Plant • (B) Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant

(2)、英语庄重文体中的庄重性词汇与翻译 • 例：While the principle of this invention has been described with particularity, it should be understood that various alternations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims. （以上专门阐述了本发明的原理。应该理解的是：只 要不背离本发明精神，可以对本发明实施方案进行 各种改变与修正；本发明的范围是由以下所附的专 利权项所限定的。）

再研究以下来自英国造船合同的一段文字: • All payments made by the BUYER prior to delivery of the vessel shall be in the nature of an advance to the SELLER, and in the event this Contract is rescinded or cancelled by the BUYER, all in accordance with the specific terms of this Contract permitting such rescission or cancellation, the SELLER shall refund to the Buyer in United States Dollars the full amount of all sums already paid by the BUYER to the SELLER under the contract, together with interest. . . • (本船交货前买方的所有已付款都须属于付给卖方 的预付款性质。如果买方解除或撤消本合同，只要其 解除或撤消本合同的所有细节均符合本合同中允许这 种解除或撤消的具体条款，卖方须将买方已支付给卖 方的款项全额连同利息退还给买方, 用美元支付……。)

（3). 英语正式语体中的正式性词汇与翻译 • a). 波音公司简介 (加下划线的为正式性词汇) • Boeing has been the premier manufacturer of commercial jetliners for more than 40 years. With the merger of Boeing and Mc. Donnell Douglas in 1997, Boeing's legacy of leadership in commercial jets, joined with the lineage of Douglas airplanes, gives the combined company a 70 -year heritage of leadership in commercial aviation. . Through Boeing Commercial Aviation Services, the company provides unsurpassed, around-the-clock technical support to help operators maintain their airplanes in peak operating condition. • b). 美国ARCON焊接设备公司的产品说明书 • (见讲义)

• 译文1: • Now, taking over land taking away buildings are being carried out. The pre-qualification for land taking over and the evaluation of geological hazard, water and soil keeping, and earthquake have been approved. The feasibility study report of the project and the earliest design has been officially agreed by the Development and Reform Commission of Zhejiang Province. • 译文2: • … At present, the requisition of land the removal for constructions are underway. The prequalification for requisitioning land the evaluation of geological hazard, water and soil conservation, and earthquake have been approved. The feasibility study report of the project and the initial design has been ratified by the Development and Reform Commission of Zhejiang Province.

B). 什么是名词化结构就是对名词化的词（也即以名词化的词 为中心词）加上各种修饰语构成短语，在句子中起名 词作用。 如: test instrument open insurance policy to send pictures by email the active implementing of sci-tech policies by the high-tech enterprises along the southeast coast of China 等。

• • C). 名词化结构的特征 (a) 语篇简洁 • • 例l a．Her father died when we were fighting against the invaders．She has since carried on the work by herself． 例l b．Since the death of her father when we were fighting against the invaders, she has carried on the work by herself.

• (b)语篇衔接 • 例2．The moment the patient was sent into the hospital，the doctor arrived and examined her．The doctor’s arrival and examination of the patient brought about her very speedy recovery． 　 　例2 由两个句子组成，前句述位中的动词 • arrived和examined，名词化成arrival和 examination后充当下一句的主位。

• (c). 客 观 • 例3 a．We must survey the underground rock structure geologically. • 例3 b．A geological survey of the underground rock structure must be carried out． • 　

• • (d). 正 式 例4．In the summer of 1969，the Administration publicly urged an easing of tensions with China． 　 　 名词化结构 easing of tensions的使用，使 句子显得正式、庄重。如果改成⋯urge to ease the tense relationship…”, 则显得随便而正式 程度不足。

• ③. 名词化结构的优点与局限性 • • 名词化也有局限性。 其一，造成抽 象化, 不适合用于具体、生动的描绘或说 明。例：make maintenance/maintain。其 二，施事与受事关系不明朗，例： complete degradation vegetable fiberfoamed tableware / fully-degradable vegetable fiber- foamed tableware。

• ④．名词化结构与翻译： • A). 对外招商引资项目介绍翻译中的 • 名词化结构分析 • 例1：Project Background and Construction Conditions • As a vital passage between the south of Zhejiang Province and north of Fujian Province, the Feiyunjiang River Bridge is burdened with increasingly heavy traffic flow in recent years as the economy develops rapidly in spite of the Ningbo -Taizhou-Wenzhou Expressway that shunts traffic to some extent. The project plays a significant role in effectively bypassing the traffic across the Feiyunjiang River Bridge, relieving the traffic congestion of the city and improving the traffic passing ability. According to the Zhejiang Provincial Government Document No. 130[2000], the Feiyunjiang River Third Bridge is approved.

• 译文1： • The bridge across the Feiyunjiang River is the vital passage between the south of Zhejiang Province and north of Fujian Province. In recent years, the economy has developed rapidly. Although the expressway from Wenzhou to Ningbo through Taizhou shunts traffic to some extent, the flow of traffic on the bridge across the Feiyunjiang River is still increasingly heavy (58词). • 译文2： • As a vital passage between the south of Zhejiang Province and north of Fujian Province, the Feiyunjiang River Bridge is burdened with increasingly heavy traffic flow in recent years as the economy develops rapidly in spite of the Ningbo-Taizhou-Wenzhou Expressway that shunts traffic to some extent. (46词).

• 例2：原文：在无线和宽带通讯方面，摩托罗拉开拓创新、 引领潮流，举世闻名。 摩托罗拉是世界财富百强企业之 一，其业务和影响力遍布全球，2005年的销售额为 368亿 美元。 • 译文1: Motorola is innovative and takes a lead in wireless and broadband communications, for which it is known around the world. … As the company is one of the 100 enterprises selected by the Fortune magazine and has business and impact globally, Motorola had sales of $36. 8 billion in 2005. (49词) • 译文2: Motorola is known around the world for innovation and leadership in wireless and broadband communications… A Fortune 100 company with global presence and impact, Motorola had sales of $36. 8 billion in 2005. (33词)

(2)． 长句与扩展的简单句的经常使用 ①. 长句的特征与翻译: • 例1：原文: The tenderer should be informed that, if he has delivered, posted or dispatched his tender prior to the formal submission date, he has the right to modify or make corrections to it, provided that any such modifications or corrections are received by the employer/engineer in writing prior to the time specified for submission of tenders. • 译文：应通知投标人，只有当面递交、邮寄或以 其它方式发送投标书的日期与使雇主/ 程师收到投标 书书面修改或更正意见的日期，均在投标书规定提交 日之前，他才有权对投标书做出修改或更正。

例2： In a device such as a refrigerant compressor provided with a reciprocating piston having a stroke length which can be changed from one value to another in accordance with the direction of rotation of the crankshaft driving a connecting rod, there is provided an arrangement in which the top dead center position of the piston can be maintained irrespective of the changes in stroke length by an eccentric ring which has limited rotation on the crankshaft crankpin; and a second eccentric ring encompassing the first eccentric ring and which has limited rotation relative to the end of the connecting rod. … • 译文：往复式活塞安装在诸如制冷压缩机之类的装置中。 该活塞的行程长度值可以根据驱动连杆的曲轴的旋转方向 而改变。在此压缩机类装置中，装有一机构，可在行程长 度发生变化时，使活塞的上止点位置保持不变。这是因为 第一偏心环在曲轴柄销上转动幅度有限，而第二偏心环包 含着第一偏心环，并相对于连杆端部，作限定转动……

• ②. 扩展的简单句的特征与翻译： • 原文：The AD 598 is a complete monolithic Linear Variable Differential Transformer(LVDT) signal conditioning subsystem. It is used in conjunction with LVDTs to convert transducer mechanical position to a unipolar or bipolar dc voltage with a high degree of accuracy and repeatability. All circuit functions are included on the chip. With the addition of a few external passive components to set frequency and gain, the AD 598 converts the raw LVDT secondary output to a scaled dc signal. The device can also be used with RVDT transducers. • 译文：(AD 598 型线性可调差压变压器（LVDT）的信号调 节子系统是全单片式的。该系统配用LVDT，将传感器探测 到的机械位置信号转化为单极或双极直流电压，转化准确 度高，重复性好。其所有的电路功能都集中在芯片上。该 子系统通过外加的几个无源元件来蛇设定频率与增益，可 把LVDT的原始次级输出转换成比例直流信号。AD 598 型 信号调节子系统还可配用RVDT（旋转式可调差压变压器）。

三. 科技经贸英语类实用文体的 英译要点与难点 1. 中国特色词汇的英译: • • • • 原 文: 重合同, 守信用企业 参考译文: Contract Observation Enterprise 错误与不妥的译文: Strictly Obey Contract and Credible Enterprise Excellent Enterprises Who Adhering to the Contract and the Credit keeping the contract heavy credit unit “promise the contract, keep the honor" enterprise “guard contract and heaviest credit ”enterprise Stick-to Contract and Keep-Its- Word Unit contract-abiding and creditworthy company Following Contract and Observing Credit ”Enterprise keeping contract and credit enterprises "contract-stressing and promise-keeping enterprises unit of keeping the contract with good credit Contract & Creditability Observing Enterprise contract-abiding and creditworthy company…

2. 重复成分的英译 • • A). 用代词替代： • 如：例（1）英译汉不如英译法容易。 • 译文： Translation from English into Chinese is not so easy as that from English into French. • • B). 用上义词替代 • 铸铁通常被认为是没有延展性的，然而，最近的 研究表明，铸铁可以热锻、热轧或温轧。 • 译文：Cast irons normally are not considered to be malleable. Recent work has demonstrated, however, that the materials can be hot forged, hot rolled, and warm rolled. •

• C). 用同义词替代 • 原文：另一种方法是化学方法。 • 译文：Another method is the chemical process。 原文：电子管通常用来放大，而真空管则是电子管的另一 名称。 译文：An electron tube is generally used for amplification, and vacuum tube is another +name for this device。 • • D). 以局部代替整体(复合词组) • 原文：YG 611 S型日晒气候色牢度测试仪的 作原理为……。 该色牢度测试仪符合试验方法要求……。本测试仪适用于 染色中的耐光色牢度试验及光老化试验。 • 译文：The Xenon Arc Light & Weather Fastness Tester works on the follwing principles: … The Model YG 611 S complies with the requirements for the test methods: … The tester is suitable for the colour fastness-to-light test in dyeing… •

E). 省 略 原文: 大气质量达到国家标准, 饮用水源 100%达标, 环境噪 声级亦达到国家标准。 • • • 3. 译文1: Air quality has reached national standards, drinking water has reached the required standards by 100% and the control of environment noise has also reached national standards. 译文2: Air quality, all of drinking water sources and ambient noise level are compliant with related national standards. 套语的英译 下列 B) 句分别成为套语, 宜在英译中采用。A)句不如B)句 简练、地道。 A). We will not inform you if the technical data are changed. B). The technical data are subject to alteration without notice. • A). The machine was adjusted before it leaves the factory. B). The machine is factory adjusted.