Study Overview Status Michael Benedikt CERN March 23

Study Overview & Status Michael Benedikt CERN March 23 rd, 2015

Topics • Motivation, Goal and Scope • Parameters, Technologies • Euro. Cir. Col • Study Organisation • Outlook 2

Motivation • European Strategy for Particle Physics 2013: “…to propose an ambitious post-LHC accelerator project…. . , CERN should undertake design studies for accelerator projects in a global context, …with emphasis on proton-proton and electron-positron highenergy frontier machines. . …” • US P 5 recommendation 2014: ”…. A very high-energy proton-proton collider is the most powerful tool for direct discovery of new particles and interactions under any scenario of physics results that can be acquired in the P 5 time window…. ” 3

Goal of FCC Study • Conceptual Design Report • By end 2018 • In time for next European Strategy Update 4

Scope: Accelerator & Infrastructure FCC-hh: 100 Te. V pp collider as long-term goal defines infrastructure needs FCC-ee: e+e- collider, potential intermediate step FCC-he: integration aspects of pe collisions Push key technologies in dedicated R&D programmes e. g. 16 Tesla magnets for 100 Te. V pp in 100 km SRF technologies and RF power sources Tunnel infrastructure in Geneva area, linked to CERN accelerator complex Site-specific, requested by European strategy 5

Scope: Physics & Experiments Elaborate and document - Physics opportunities - Discovery potentials Experiment concepts for hh, ee and he Machine Detector Interface studies Concepts for worldwide data services Overall cost model Cost scenarios for collider options Including infrastructure and injectors Implementation and governance models 6

CERN Circular Colliders + FCC 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 20 years Constr. Design Physics Proto LEP Construction Design Future Collider LHC Physics Construction Design Proto Physics Construction HL-LHC Physics 7

Study time line towards CDR 2014 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 2015 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 2016 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 2017 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 2018 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Study plan, scope definition Explore options “weak interaction” FCC Week 2015: work towards baseline conceptual study of baseline “strong interact. ” FCC Week 2016 Progress review FCC Week 17 & Review Cost model, LHC results study re-scoping? Elaboration, consolidation FCC Week 2018 contents of CDR Report CDR ready 8 Q 4

Focus on Study-Phase 2 2014 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 2015 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 2016 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 2017 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 2018 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 FCC Week 2015: work towards baseline conceptual study of baseline “strong interact. ” FCC Week 2016 Progress review • Converge on solid and agreed baseline scenarios • Launch technology R&D at international level • Assure coherence between study branches CDR ready 9 Q 4

Key Parameters FCC-hh Parameter FCC-hh LHC Energy [Te. V] 100 c. m. 14 c. m. 16 8. 33 2 main, +2 4 Luminosity/IPmain [cm-2 s-1] 5 - 25 x 1034 1 x 1034 Stored energy/beam [GJ] 8. 4 0. 39 28. 4 0. 17 25 (5) 25 Dipole field [T] # IP Synchrotron rad. [W/m/aperture] Bunch spacing [ns] 10

FCC-hh Luminosity Goals • Two parameter sets for two operation phases: • Phase 1 (baseline): 5 x 1034 cm-2 s-1 (peak), 250 fb-1/year (averaged) 2500 fb-1 within 10 years (~HL LHC total luminosity) • Phase 2 (ultimate): ~2. 5 x 1035 cm-2 s-1 (peak), 1000 fb-1/year (averaged) 15, 000 fb-1 within 15 years • Yielding total luminosity O(20, 000) fb-1 over ~25 years of operation

FCC-hh luminosity evolution 24 h radiation damping: t~1 h for both phases: beam current 0. 5 A unchanged! total synchrotron radiation power ~5 MW. phase 1: b*=1. 1 m, DQtot=0. 01, tta=5 h phase 2: b*=0. 3 m, DQtot=0. 03, tta=4 h

FCC-hh Integrated Luminosity/day phase 1: b*=1. 1 m, DQtot=0. 01, tta=5 h phase 2: b*=0. 3 m, DQtot=0. 03, tta=4 h

Key Parameters FCC-ee Parameter Energy/beam [Ge. V] Bunches/beam Beam current [m. A] Luminosity/IP x 1034 cm-2 s-1 Energy loss/turn [Ge. V] FCC-ee 45 120 175 105 1300060000 5001400 51 - 98 4 1450 30 6. 6 3 5 - 11 1. 5 - 2. 6 0. 0012 21 - 280 0. 03 1. 67 7. 55 100 Synchrotron Power [MW] RF Voltage [GV] LEP 2 0. 3 -2. 5 3. 6 -5. 5 3. 34 22 11 3. 5 Dependency: crab-waist vs. baseline optics and 2 vs. 4 IPs 14

FCC-ee: Luminosity vs. Energy Crab waist 4 IP 1000 total luminosity [1034 cm-2 s-1] Crab waist 2 IP 100 Baseline 4 IP Baseline 2 IP 10 Z 1 0 50 100 W 150 200 c. m. energy [Ge. V] H 250 tt 300 350 400 15

Geology Studies – Example 93 km • 90 – 100 km fits geological situation well, better than a smaller ring size • LHC suitable as potential injector 16

Push Technologies WHY 17

Scale Up versus Scale Out • Scale-out of available technologies without advancement leads to unsustainable and inadequate performance • Mandatory to use large projects to develop new technologies Innovation Mining Sustainability Cost effective operation: Personnel and material resources Energy efficiency Availability Number of subsystems requires breakthrough in reliability, availability Economy Diversify technology sources to control risk Economic return to society is mandatory 18

Key Technology R&D - HFM Nb 3 Sn 16 T Conductor R&D Magnet Design • Increase critical current density • Obtain high quantities at required quality • Material Processing • Reduce cost • Develop 16 T short models • Field quality and aperture • Optimum coil geometry • Manufacturing aspects • Cost optimisation 19

Key Technology R&D - RF • Beyond Nb Efficiency Superconducting RF Power Conversion Push Klystrons far beyond 70% efficiency • Increase power range of solid-state amplifiers • High reliability for high multiplicity • 20

A key to New Physics

Euro. Cir. Col EU Horizon 2020 Grant EC contributes with funding to FCC-hh study • • Core aspects of hadron collider design: arc & IR optics design Feasibility study of key technologies: 16 T magnet program, cryogenic beam vacuum system 22

Evaluation Results • Science 15/15 Quotes is excellent • Project is ambitious and shows innovation potential • Objectives are clear and approach is credible • Will have impact on other disciplines and industry • Key element of European Strategy on Particle Physics Recognition of FCC Study by European Commission 23

Euro. Cir. Col Consortium + Associates CERN TUT CEA CNRS KIT TUD INFN UT ALBA IEIO Finland France Germany Italy Netherlands Spain CIEMAT STFC UNILIV UOXF KEK EPFL UNIGE NHFML-FSU BNL FNAL LBNL Spain United Kingdom Japan Switzerland USA USA Japan KEK Finland TUT United Kingdom Netherlands STFC, UNILIV, UOXF UT Germany KIT, TUD France CEA, CNRS Switzerland CERN EPFL, UNIGE Italy INFN Spain ALBA, CIEMAT Consortium Beneficiaries, signing the Grant Agreement 24

Study Setup • Carried out by global collaboration • Universities, • Hosted laboratories & industry worldwide by CERN Worldwide Excellence 25

The FCC Collaboration • A consortium of partners based on a Memorandum Of Understanding (Mo. U) • Working together on a best effort basis • Self governed • Incremental & open to academia and industry • Specific contributions Addendum detailed in 26

Collaboration Status • 51 institutes • 19 countries • EC participation 27

51 FCC collaboration members & CERN as host institute, 22 March 2015 ALBA/CELLS, Spain Ankara U. , Turkey U Bern, Switzerland BINP, Russia CASE (SUNY/BNL), USA CBPF, Brazil CEA Grenoble, France CEA Saclay, France CIEMAT, Spain CNRS, France Cockcroft Institute, UK U Colima, Mexico CSIC/IFIC, Spain TU Darmstadt, Germany DESY, Germany TU Dresden, Germany Duke U, USA EPFL, Switzerland GWNU, Korea U Geneva, Switzerland Goethe U Frankfurt, Germany GSI, Germany Hellenic Open U, Greece HEPHY, Austria IFJ PAN Krakow, Poland INFN, Italy INP Minsk, Belarus U Iowa, USA IPM, Iran UC Irvine, USA Istanbul Aydin U. , Turkey JAI/Oxford, UK JINR Dubna, Russia FZ Jülich, Germany KAIST, Korea KEK, Japan KIAS, Korea King’s College London, UK KIT Karlsruhe, Germany Korea U Sejong, Korea MEPh. I, Russia MIT, USA NBI, Denmark Northern Illinois U. , USA NC PHEP Minsk, Belarus U. Liverpool, UK PSI, Switzerland Sapienza/Roma, Italy UC Santa Barbara, USA U Silesia, Poland TU Tampere, Finland

Study Coordination Group Study Lead Hadron Collider Physics & Experiments Lepton Collider Physics & Experiments ep Physics, Experiment, IP Integration M. Benedikt F. Zimmermann A. Ball, F. Gianotti, M. Mangano A. Blondel, J. Ellis, C. Grojean, P. Janot M. Klein, O. Bruning Hadron Injectors Hadron Collider Lepton Injectors Lepton Collider B. Goddard D. Schulte, M. Syphers Y. Papaphilippou F. Zimmermann, J. Wenninger, U. Wienands Accelerator Technologies R&D Special Technologies Infrastructures & Operation Costing & Planning L. Bottura, E. Jensen, L. Tavian JM. Jimenez P. Lebrun, P. Collier P. Lebrun, F. Sonnemann Further enlargement of coordination group and study teams with international partners 29

Information Management in FCC http: //cern. ch/fcc 30

Documents and Publications Study internal CERN EDMS • Notes, drawings, slides, minutes • Source files of scientific papers • http: //cern. ch/fcc-edms Public documents CERN CDS PDF of scientific papers, public slides, official reports, videos • http: //cern. ch/cds > R&D and Studies > Future Circular Collider Documents • 31

Collaborative Work Platform Meetings Structure in CERN Indico • http: //cern. ch/fcc-meetings • Collaboration Tools Institutes and work breakdown overview • Growing platform for information exchange • http: //cern. ch/fcc/collaboration • 32

Access to Collaboration Services Collaboration members can subscribe to one of the following e-groups to gain access to IT services at http: //cern. ch/egroups E-group Name: fcc-collider-hadron fcc-collider-lepton fcc-experiments-hadron fcc-experiments-lepton fcc-infrastructures fcc-injectors-hadron fcc-injectors-lepton 33

Outlook 2015 • Freeze baselines parameters and concepts • Colliders, injectors and infrastructures • Put Nb 3 Sn/16 T magnet program on solid feet • Define and launch selected technology R&D programmes • Reinforce physics and detector simulations • Pursue MDI and experiment studies • Further enlarge our global FCC collaboration 34

This 1 st FCC Week should • Stimulate exchange between participants of all study areas • Strengthen the collaboration network • create fruitful discussions towards our common goal 35

Have a Great Week! 36