Study of Biology copyright cmassengale 1 What is

Study of Biology copyright cmassengale 1

What is Biology? Biology is the study of all living things Living things are called organisms Organisms include bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, & animals copyright cmassengale 2

All Living Things Share Common Characteristics 1. Basic Unit is the Cell 2. All living things MUST Reproduce 3. All Based On Universal Genetic Code (DNA) 4. Must be able to Grow & Develop copyright cmassengale 3

Common Characteristics 5. Obtain & Use Materials & 6. 7. Energy (Metabolism) Must Respond To Their Environment in order to maintain Homeostasis: a stable internal environment. AS A GROUP, Living Things EVOLVE and make ADAPTATIONS copyright cmassengale 4

All Organisms are made of Cells copyright cmassengale 5

Facts About Cells are the smallest functional unit of life Cells are complex & highly organized Cells have parts called organelles that do different jobs copyright cmassengale 6

Organisms are Grouped by their Number of Cells Unicellular Organisms – Living Organism Made Up Of One Cell Multicellular Organisms – Living Organism Made Up Of Many, Specialized Cells copyright cmassengale 7

Organisms Reproduce to Pass on their Genetic Traits copyright cmassengale 8

Two Types of Reproduction Sexual Reproduction Involves 2 parents Egg fertilized by sperm to make a ZYGOTE Offspring are DIFFERENT from parents…WHY? copyright cmassengale 9

Two Types of Reproduction Asexual Reproduction Involves a single organism or cell Cell divides Offspring are IDENTICAL to parent…CLONE. copyright cmassengale 10

Cells Have a Genetic Code copyright cmassengale 11

Genetic Code DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid) carries the genetic code for all organisms All organisms contain DNA codes for the proteins that make up cells & do all the work copyright cmassengale 12

Organisms Grow & Develop copyright cmassengale 13

Growth & Development Organisms grow by producing MORE CELLS & by cell ENLARGEMENT Organisms develop as they mature into an adult organism copyright cmassengale 14

Cells Require Food & Energy copyright cmassengale 15

Metabolism Sum (total) of all the chemical processes in an organism All require energy Sunlight is the ultimate source of energy for all life on Earth copyright cmassengale 16

Organisms Respond to Stimuli Organisms respond to stimuli (Temperature, Water, Food Supplies, etc. ) in order to survive & reproduce copyright cmassengale 17

Homeostasis Keeping the internal environment (Homeostasis) of the Cell or Organism within the ranges required for life Stable internal conditions of p. H, temperature, water balance, etc. copyright cmassengale 18

Living Things Evolve Groups Of Organisms (Not Individuals) change over time in order to survive within changing environments. Fossil records show changes in groups of organisms. copyright cmassengale 19