Study IPv 4 and IPv 6 Wachira Parathum

Study IPv 4 and IPv 6 Wachira Parathum Internet Service Division Data Communication Dept. wachira@cat. net. th

Course Outline • • Internet Protocol Review Study IPv 4 Design IP Next Generation (IPv 6)

Internet Protocol Review • TCP & OSI Model • Internet Protocol Function • IP Header

TCP/IP vs. OSI Model Application Presentation Application Session Transport Network Internet Data Link Physical OSI Network Access TCP/IP

Internet Network Physical SNMP TFTP HTTP SMTP TCP UDP IP Ethernet, Token Ring ICMP Transport FTP Application TELNET TCP/IP Core protocols

IP Datagram Format 0 4 Version (4 bits) 8 16 To. S (8 bits) IHL (4 bits) TTL (8 bits) ID (16 bits) Flags (3 bits) 31 Total Length (16 bits) Fragment Offset (13 bits) Header Checksum (16 bits) Protocol (8 bits) Source IP Address (32 bits) Destination IP Address (32 bits) Options (if any) Data. . . . Padding

Type of Service Subfields This parameter can be used to guide routing decisions. 0 0 1 2 Precedence Decimal Binary Description 7 111 Network Control 6 110 Internetwork Control 5 101 CRITIC/ECP 4 100 Flash Override 3 011 Flash 2 010 Immediate 1 001 Priority 0 000 Routine (Normal) 3 4 5 6 7 D T R C Unused 8 Minimum Cost Maximum Reliability Maximum Throughput Minimum Delay Used to measure of a datagrams relative importance

IP Datagram Format (contd. ) 0 4 Version (4 bits) 8 16 To. S (8 bits) IHL (4 bits) TTL (8 bits) ID (16 bits) Flags (3 bits) 31 Total Length (16 bits) Fragment Offset (13 bits) Header Checksum (16 bits) Protocol (8 bits) Source IP Address (32 bits) Destination IP Address (32 bits) Options (if any) Data. . . . Padding

Fragmentation Example MTU = 1500 B ID = 12345, More = 0 Offset = 160 W, Len = 1500 B MTU = 512 B ID = 12345, More = 1 Offset = 0 W, Len = 512 B MTU = 256 B ID = 12345, More = 1 Offset = 0 W, Len = 256 B ID = 12345, More = 1 Offset = 32 W, Len = 256 B ID = 12345, More = 1 Offset = 64 W, Len = 512 B ID = 12345, More = 1 Offset = 64 W, Len = 256 B ID = 12345, More = 1 Offset = 96 W, Len = 256 B ID = 12345, More = 0 Offset = 128 W, Len = 476 B ID = 12345, More = 1 Offset = 128 W, Len = 256 B ID = 12345, More = 0 Offset = 160 W, Len = 220 B

IP Datagram Format (contd. ) 0 4 Version (4 bits) 8 16 To. S (8 bits) IHL (4 bits) TTL (8 bits) ID (16 bits) Flags (3 bits) 31 Total Length (16 bits) Fragment Offset (13 bits) Header Checksum (16 bits) Protocol (8 bits) Source IP Address (32 bits) Destination IP Address (32 bits) Options (if any) Data. . . . Padding

Study IPv 4 • IPv 4 Address Format • Public and Private IPv 4 Address • IPv 4 Addressing with Classful and Classless • Subnet Mask Determination • Classless Inter Domain Routing (CIDR) • Variable Length Subnet Mask (VLSM) • Introduction of INNA

Converting Binary to Decimal Binary Decimal 1 1 1 1 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

IPv 4 Address Format

IPv 4 Address Component Network ID Host ID IP Address 32 bits IP Address Network ID Host ID 10. 16. 127. 104 10. 16. 127. 104 131. 16. 82. 97 131. 16. 82. 97 195. 31. 72. 123 195. 31. 72. 123

Network ID? IP Address (32 bits) = Network ID + Host ID Network ID Mr. Jo h 99/12 n Rambo 3 Lmno Abcd Rd. , pq E 11110 r State, ST fghijk City, UV Co untry

Host ID? IP Address (32 bits) = Network ID + Host ID Mr. Jo h 99/12 n Rambo 3 Lmno Abcd Rd. , pq E 11110 r State, ST fghijk City, UV Co untry

Are they IPv 4? • • 111. 56. 045. 78 221. 34. 7. 8. 20 100. 45. 256. 14 11110100. 23. 14. 67

Class of IPv 4 (contd. ) 0 8 16 24 32 0 1 2 34 5 6 7 CLASS A 0 Network ID CLASS B 10 CLASS C 1 10 CLASS D 1 110 CLASS E 1 1110 Host ID Network ID Multicast IP Address Reserved Host ID

Class of IPv 4 (contd. ) Class Networks Hosts in Each Network IP Network Address Range A 27 -2 or 126 224 -2 or 16, 777, 214 1. 0. 0. 0 – 126. 0. 0. 0 B 214 or 16, 384 216 -2 or 65, 534 128. 0. 0. 0 – 191. 255. 0. 0 C 221 or 2, 097, 152 28 -2 or 254 192. 0. 0. 0 – 223. 255. 0

Special Address Network Host All-0 s Network All-1 s 127 Any Type of Address This computer Network Directed broadcast Limited broadcast loopback Purpose Used during bootstrap Identifies a network Broadcast on specified net Broadcast on local net Testing

Network Address 192. 168. 10. 2 192. 168. 10. 3 192. 168. 10. 1 192. 168. 10. 254 ABC Network (192. 168. 10. 0/24) Network Address = 192. 168. 10. 0

Broadcast Address 203. 165. 93. 0 203. 165. 16. 0 To 255 Limited Broadcast Address 203. 165. 93. 0 To 203. 165. 16. 255 Directed Broadcast Address 203. 165. 16. 0

Waste of IP Address Space Number of Stations Address Class Waste IP Address 225 PCs, 3 Servers, 1 Router C 25 100 PCs, 1 Server, 1 Router C 152 55 PCs, 1 Server, 1 Router C 197 60 PCs, 1 Router C 193

Subneting IP Address Two-Level Hierarchy Network field Host field Three-Level Subnet Hierarchy Network field Subnet field Extended-Network-Prefix Host field

Subnetting Example 128. 213. 0. 0/16 Subnet 1 128. 213. 1. x Subnet 2 128. 213. 2. x Subnet 3 128. 213. 3. x Subnet 4 128. 213. 4. x

IP Addresses Divided by Subnet Mask IP Address Mask Network Address Host Address 111111………… 111111 000…………. 000 IP address with Subnet mask = IP address / Number of Extended-Network-Prefix IP Address Mask Network Address Host Address 10. 16. 127. 104 /16 255. 0. 0 10. 16. 0. 0 127. 104 131. 16. 82. 97 /24 255. 0 131. 16. 82. 0 97

Subnetting Example Network Address 200. 0 Subnet Mask 255. 0 200. 64 ������ IP 200. 0/24 ��������������� 62 ���������� 1 ������� 200. 0 200. 128 200. 192 Note: Subnet mask ������ subnet ��� 255. 192

Subnet Mask Example • 160. 30. 20. 10 ���� Subnet ���� 160. 30. 20. 100 ��� Subnet Mask ���� 255. 0 • Note: 1 AND 1 = 1. ������� = 0. IP Address 160. 30. 20. 10 10100000 00011110 00010100 00001010 Subnet Mask 255. 0 11111111 0000 Result 160. 30. 20. 0 10100000 00011110 00010100 0000 IP Address 160. 30. 20. 100 10100000 00011110 11001000 01100100 Subnet Mask 255. 0 11111111 0000 Result 160. 30. 20. 0 10100000 00011110 00010100 0000

Supernet vs. Subnet • Supernet ���������� Subnet ������������� Network ID ������ Supernet ID Conventional IP Address Network field Host field Subnetting Network field Subnet field Host field Supernetting Network field Supernet field Host field

Supernetting Example 192. 168. 4. 0/24 192. 168. 5. 0/24 192. 168. 6. 0/24 192. 168. 7. 0/24 192. 168. 4. 0/22 192. 168. [000001]00. 0000 255. [111111]00. 0000 = /22 ������ IP ������� 192. 168. [000001]00. 0000 ��� 192. 168. [000001]11. 1111 ���� 192. 168. 4. 0 – 192. 168. 7. 255 �������

Reduce Number of IP Address Many House Numbers Single House Number but a lot of room numbers

Reduce Work Load of Internet Devices pos t

CIDR Route Aggregation ISP 0/16 200. 25. 16. 0/20 /23 0. 0 5. 3 22 Company B 0. 2 200. 25. 24. 0/24 200. 25. 26. 0/24 200. 25. 27. 0/24 20 Company A 20 3 8. 0/2 25. 2 200. 25. 16. 0/24 200. 25. 17. 0/24 200. 25. 18. 0/24 200. 25. 19. 0/24 200. 25. 20. 0/24 200. 25. 21. 0/24 200. 25. 22. 0/24 200. 25. 23. 0/24 5 0. 2 21 . 24. 0/ . 1 / 6. 0 200. 2 5 INTERNET 200. 25. 0. 200. 25. 28. 0/24 200. 25. 29. 0/24 200. 25. 30. 0/24 200. 25. 31. 0/24 Company C Company D

Can be aggregated? • 100. 1. 1. 0/24 100. 1. 2. 0/24 100. 1. 3. 0/24 100. 1. 4. 0/24 • 150. 15. 4. 0/24 150. 15. 5. 0/24 150. 15. 6. 0/24 150. 15. 7. 0/24 150. 15. 8. 0/24 • 200. 2. 4. 0/22 200. 2. 8. 0/22

Example Network with VLSM ������ IP 200. 0/24 �������� 2 ���������������� Note: Subnet masks �� 50 ������� /26 = 255. 192 200. 0 /26 ����� 8 /28 = 255. 240 (max. of 62 hosts) ���������������� 200. 128 /28 (max. of 14 hosts) 200. 64 /26 �� 10 ������� (max. of 62 hosts) 200. 0 200. 144 /28 200. 160 /28 200. 176 /28 200. 192 /28 (max. of 14 hosts) 200. 208 /28 200. 224 /28 200. 240 /28

Variable Length Subnets from 1 to 10 Prefix-length Subnet Mask /1 /2 /3 /4 /5 /6 /7 /8 /9 /10 128. 0. 0. 0 192. 0. 0. 0 224. 0. 0. 0 240. 0 248. 0. 0. 0 252. 0. 0. 0 254. 0. 0. 0 255. 128. 0. 0 255. 192. 0. 0 # Individual Addresses # Classful Networks 2048 M 1024 M 512 M 256 M 128 M 64 M 32 M 16 M 8 M 4 M 128 A 64 A 32 A 16 A 8 A 4 A 2 A 1 A or 256 Bs 128 B 64 B

Variable Length Subnets from 11 to 20 Prefix-length Subnet Mask # Individual Addresses # Classful Networks /11 /12 /13 /14 /15 /16 /17 /18 /19 /20 255. 224. 0. 0 255. 240. 0. 0 255. 248. 0. 0 255. 252. 0. 0 255. 254. 0. 0 255. 128. 0 255. 192. 0 255. 224. 0 255. 240. 0 2 M 1 M 524, 286 262, 142 131, 070 65, 534 32, 766 16, 382 8, 190 4, 094 32 B 16 B 8 B 4 B 2 B 1 B or 256 Cs 128 Cs 64 Cs 32 Cs 16 Cs

Variable Length Subnets from 21 to 30 Subnet Mask # Individual Addresses # Classful Networks 255. 248. 0 255. 252. 0 255. 254. 0 255. 128 255. 192 255. 224 255. 240 255. 248 255. 252 2, 046 1, 022 510 254 126 62 30 14 6 2 8 Cs 4 Cs 2 Cs 1 C 1/2 C 1/4 C 1/8 C 1/16 C 1/32 C 1/64 C Prefix-length /21 /22 /23 /24 /25 /26 /27 /28 /29 /30

How to get IP addresses? • ������������� IP Address ������ – APNIC – Asia & Pacific www. apnic. net – ARIN – N. & S. America, Caribbean & sub-Saharan Africa www. arin. net , www. lacnic. net – RIPE – Europe and Middle-East www. ripe. net

What is IANA? INNA : Internet Assigned Number Authority INNA Global RIR NIR APNIC ARIN RIPE

IPv 4 Design • Various Scenario using IPV 4 • Some Exemptions and Concerns

Scenario #1 • ��� Subnet Mask �������� 255. 248 ���� /29. 211. 17. 180 [00000] 000. 255 [11111] 000 = /29

Scenario #1 • ������������� Subnet 23 = 8 �������. 211. 17. 180 [00000] 000. 255 [11111] 000 = /29

Scenario #1 No. Network Bin Start - Bin Stop Dec Start – Dec Stop Select Net 1 [00000]000 – [00000]111 211. 17. 180. 0 – 211. 17. 180. 7 N Net 2 [00001]000 – [00001]111 211. 17. 180. 8 – 211. 17. 180. 15 Y Net 3 [00010]000 – [00010]111 211. 17. 180. 16 – 211. 17. 180. 23 Y Net 4 [00011] 000 – [00011]111 211. 17. 180. 24 – 211. 17. 180. 31 Y … … Net 30 [11101] 000 – [11101]111 211. 17. 180. 232 – 211. 17. 180. 239 Y Net 31 [11110] 000 – [11110]111 211. 17. 180. 240 – 211. 17. 180. 247 Y Net 32 [11111] 000 – [11111]111 211. 17. 180. 248 – 211. 17. 180. 255 N

Scenario #1 • �������� • 211. 17. 180. 0/29 ���� Network Address 211. 17. 180. 0/24 • 211. 17. 180. 255/29 ���� Broadcast Address 211. 17. 180. 255/24 • ���������� Subnet ��� 1 ��� 32 • ����������� “ip subnet zero” (������� cisco)

Scenario #2 • เครอขาย 192. 168. 1. 0/24 • ตองการ 2 เครอขายทสามารถรองรบอปกรณได 60 เครอง. 192. 168. 1 [00] 000000 /26 255. 19262 Host. 255[11] 000000 = /26 No. Network Bin Start - Bin Stop Dec Start – Dec Stop Select Net 1 [00] 000000 – [00]111111 192. 168. 1. 0 - 192. 168. 1. 63 N Net 2 [01] 000000 – [01]111111 192. 168. 1. 64 - 192. 168. 1. 127 Y Net 3 [10] 000000 – [10]111111 192. 168. 1. 128 - 192. 168. 1. 191 Y Net 4 [11] 000000 – [11]111111 192. 168. 1. 192 - 192. 168. 1. 255 N

Scenario #2 • เครอขาย 192. 168. 1. 0/26 (192. 168. 1. 0 – 192. 168. 1. 63) /28255. 240 14 Host . 192. 168. 1 [0000] 0000. 255[1111] 0000 = /28 No. Network Bin Start - Bin Stop Dec Start – Dec Stop Select Net 1. 1 [0000] 0000 – [0000] 1111 192. 168. 1. 0 - 192. 168. 1. 15 N Net 1. 2 [0001] 0000 – [0001] 1111 192. 168. 1. 16 - 192. 168. 1. 31 Y Net 1. 3 [0010] 0000 – [0010] 1111 192. 168. 1. 32 - 192. 168. 1. 47 Y Net 1. 4 [0011] 0000 – [0011] 1111 192. 168. 1. 48 - 192. 168. 1. 63 Y

Scenario #2 • เครอขาย 192. 168. 1. 192/26 (192. 168. 1. 192 – 192. 168. 1. 255) /28255. 240 14 Host . 192. 168. 1 [1100] 0000. 255[1111] 0000 = /28 No. Network Bin Start - Bin Stop Dec Start – Dec Stop Select Net 4. 1 [1100] 0000 – [1100] 1111 192. 168. 1. 192 - 192. 168. 1. 207 Y Net 4. 2 [1101] 0000 – [1101] 1111 192. 168. 1. 208 - 192. 168. 1. 223 Y Net 4. 3 [1110] 0000 – [1110] 1111 192. 168. 2. 24 - 192. 168. 1. 239 Y Net 4. 4 [1111] 0000 – [1111] 1111 192. 168. 1. 240 - 192. 168. 1. 255 N

Scenario #2 • เครอขาย 192. 168. 1. 0/28 (192. 168. 1. 0 – 192. 168. 1. 15) /30255. 2522 Host . 192. 168. 1 [000000] 00. 255[111111] 00 = /30 No. Network Bin Start - Bin Stop Dec Start – Dec Stop Select Net 1. 1. 1 [000000] 00 – [000000] 11 192. 168. 1. 0 – 192. 168. 1. 3 N Net 1. 1. 2 [000001] 00 – [000001] 11 192. 168. 1. 4 - 192. 168. 1. 7 Y Net 1. 1. 3 [000010] 00 – [000010] 11 192. 168. 1. 8 - 192. 168. 1. 11 Y Net 1. 1. 4 [000011] 00 – [000011] 11 192. 168. 1. 12 - 192. 168. 1. 15 Y

Scenario #2 • เครอขาย 192. 168. 1. 240/28 (192. 168. 1. 240 – 192. 168. 1. 255) /30 255. 252 2 Host . 192. 168. 1 [111100] 00. 255[111111] 00 = /30 No. Network Bin Start - Bin Stop Dec Start – Dec Stop Select Net 4. 4. 1 [111100] 00 – [111100]11 192. 168. 1. 240 - 192. 168. 1. 243 Y Net 4. 4. 2 [111101] 00 – [111101]11 192. 168. 1. 244 - 192. 168. 1. 247 Y Net 4. 4. 3 [111110] 00 – [111110]11 192. 168. 2. 48 - 192. 168. 1. 251 Y Net 4. 4. 4 [111111] 00 – [111111]11 192. 168. 1. . 252 - 192. 168. 1. 255 N

Scenario #2 : Conclusion • Network ทไดออกแบบไวมดงนคอ No. Network Bin Start - Bin Stop Dec Start – Dec Stop Hosts Net 2 [01] 000000 – [01]111111 192. 168. 1. 64 - 192. 168. 1. 127 62 Net 3 [10] 000000 – [10]111111 192. 168. 1. 128 - 192. 168. 1. 191 62 Net 1. 2 [0001] 0000 – [0001] 1111 192. 168. 1. 16 - 192. 168. 1. 31 14 Net 1. 3 [0010] 0000 – [0010] 1111 192. 168. 1. 32 - 192. 168. 1. 47 14 Net 1. 4 [0011] 0000 – [0011] 1111 192. 168. 1. 48 - 192. 168. 1. 63 14 Net 4. 1 [1100] 0000 – [1100] 1111 192. 168. 1. 192 - 192. 168. 1. 207 14 Net 4. 2 [1101] 0000 – [1101] 1111 192. 168. 1. 208 - 192. 168. 1. 223 14 Net 4. 3 [1110] 0000 – [1110] 1111 192. 168. 2. 24 - 192. 168. 1. 239 14

Scenario #2 : Conclusion • Network ทไดออกแบบไวมดงนคอ No. Network Bin Start - Bin Stop Dec Start – Dec Stop Hosts Net 1. 1. 2 [000001] 00 – [000001] 11 192. 168. 1. 4 - 192. 168. 1. 7 2 Net 1. 1. 3 [000010] 00 – [000010] 11 192. 168. 1. 8 - 192. 168. 1. 11 2 Net 1. 1. 4 [000011] 00 – [000011] 11 192. 168. 1. 12 - 192. 168. 1. 15 2 Net 4. 4. 1 [111100] 00 – [111100]11 192. 168. 1. 240 - 192. 168. 1. 243 2 Net 4. 4. 2 [111101] 00 – [111101]11 192. 168. 1. 244 - 192. 168. 1. 247 2 Net 4. 4. 3 [111110] 00 – [111110]11 192. 168. 1. 248 - 192. 168. 1. 251 2 ������� Network ���������� 2

Scenario #3 • ชดทหนง 100. 4. 0/24 แบงไดเปน 100. 4. 0 -100. 4. 31 หรอ 100. 4. 0/27 100. 4. 32 - 100. 4. 63 หรอ 100. 4. 32/27 100. 4. 64 - 100. 4. 95 หรอ 100. 4. 64/27 100. 4. 96 - 100. 4. 127 หรอ 100. 4. 96/27 100. 4. 128 - 100. 4. 159 หรอ 100. 4. 128/27 100. 4. 160 - 100. 4. 191 หรอ 100. 4. 160/27 100. 4. 192 - 100. 4. 223 หรอ 100. 4. 192/27 100. 4. 224 - 100. 4. 255 หรอ 100. 4. 224/27

Scenario #3 • ชดทสอง 100. 5. 0/24 แบงไดเปน 100. 5. 0 -100. 5. 31 หรอ 100. 5. 0/27 100. 5. 32 - 100. 5. 63 หรอ 100. 5. 32/27 100. 5. 64 - 100. 5. 95 หรอ 100. 5. 64/27 100. 5. 96 - 100. 5. 127 หรอ 100. 5. 96/27 100. 5. 128 - 100. 5. 159 หรอ 100. 5. 128/27 100. 5. 160 - 100. 5. 191 หรอ 100. 5. 160/27 100. 5. 192 - 100. 5. 223 หรอ 100. 5. 192/27 100. 5. 224 - 100. 5. 255 หรอ 100. 5. 224/27

Scenario #3 • ชดทสาม 100. 6. 0/24 แบงไดเปน 100. 6. 0 -100. 6. 31 หรอ 100. 6. 0/27 100. 6. 32 - 100. 6. 63 หรอ 100. 6. 32/27 100. 6. 64 - 100. 6. 95 หรอ 100. 6. 64/27 100. 6. 96 - 100. 6. 127 หรอ 100. 6. 96/27 100. 6. 128 - 100. 6. 159 หรอ 100. 6. 128/27 100. 6. 160 - 100. 6. 191 หรอ 100. 6. 160/27 100. 6. 192 - 100. 6. 223 หรอ 100. 6. 192/27 100. 6. 224 - 100. 6. 255 หรอ 100. 6. 224/27

Scenario #3 • ชดทส 100. 7. 0/24 แบงไดเปน 100. 7. 0 -100. 7. 31 หรอ 100. 7. 0/27 100. 7. 32 - 100. 7. 63 หรอ 100. 7. 32/27 100. 7. 64 - 100. 7. 95 หรอ 100. 7. 64/27 100. 7. 96 - 100. 7. 127 หรอ 100. 7. 96/27 100. 7. 128 - 100. 7. 159 หรอ 100. 7. 128/27 100. 7. 160 - 100. 7. 191 หรอ 100. 7. 160/27 100. 7. 192 - 100. 7. 223 หรอ 100. 7. 192/27 100. 7. 224 - 100. 7. 255 หรอ 100. 7. 224/27

Introduction of IPv 6 • Why’s IPv 6? • What’s new in IPv 6? • IPv 6 Addressing • IPv 4 – IPv 6 Migration

What’s new in IPv 6? (contd. ) • ���������� • Autoconfiguration : ������ DHCP �� IPv 4 • Security : Authentication ��� Encryption ���������� IPv 6 • Multicast : IPv 6 ����� • Qo. S : ������� Flow Label ��� Traffic Class

What’s new in IPv 6? (contd. ) • ������ IPv 6 header ���������� bit 0 8 Version IHL 16 24 Service Type Identifier Time to Live Total Length Flags Protocol Fragment Offset 31 bit 0 4 Version 12 Class 16 24 31 Flow Label Payload Length Next Header Hop Limit Header Checksum 32 bit Source Address 128 bit Source Address 32 bit Destination Address Options and Padding IPv 4 Header 20 octets, 12 fields, including 3 flag bits + fixed max number of options Changed 128 bit Destination Address Removed IPv 6 Header 40 octets, 8 fields + Unlimited Chained Extension (options) Header

IPv 6 Packet Format 40 bytes Base Header Optional Extension Header 1 …. . . Extension Header n Data

IPv 6 Extension Header Extension header Description Hop-by-hop options Miscellaneous information for routers Destination options -1 Information for 1 st destination Routing Full or partial route to follow Fragmentation Management of datagram fragments Authentication Verification of the sender’s identity Encrypted security payload Information about the encrypted contents Destination options -2 Additional information for the final destination only

Are they IPv 6? • • • FFFE: 2473: ABCD: : FGFE 1: : ABC: 5678: 0: 0: 0: : 1 AAAA: 1234: : : FFFF ACD: 1123: 4567: ABCD: FFEE: 1256: 0: 1: 2 : : 2001 FFFF: 4567: :

IPv 6 Address Types • Unicast: – 1 ��� 1 • Multicast: – 1 ������ M M M A • Anycast: – 1 ��������� � A A

Global Unicast Address 3 Bits 13 Bits 8 Bits 24 Bits 16 Bits 64 Bits 001 T. L. A. Rsvd. N. L. A. S. L. A. Interface ID Public Topology Site Topology T. L. A : Top Level Aggregator N. L. A : Next Level Aggregator S. L. A : Site Level Aggregator • ������ Public IPv 4

Aggregatable Global Unicast Address IANA 2001: : /16 APNIC 2001: 0200: : /23 2001: 0300: : /23 2001: 0500: : /23 2001: 0 C 00: : /23 ISP /32 Site /48 ARIN 2001: 0400: : /23 ISP /32 Site /48 RIPE 2001: 0600: : /23 2001: 0 B 00: : /23 ISP /32 Site /48 Site /48 ISP /32 Site /48

Link-local Unicast Address 10 bits 54 bits 64 bits 1111111010 0 interface ID • ������������������������ IPv 6 • ������������ link ���������������� link ���� : FE 80: : 5 ABC: 01 FF: FE 01: 1111 FE 80: : 0060: 08 FF: FEB 1: 7 EA 2

Site-local Unicast Address 10 bits 38 bits 16 bits 64 bits 1111111011 0 subnet ID interface ID • ������������ site ������������� site • ������ Private IPv 4 • ��������� Unique Local Unicast Address (FC 00: : /7 & FD 00: : /7) ���� : FEC 0: : 1: 5 ABC: 1 FF: FE 01: 1111

Multicast Address 8 Bits 1111 4 Bits Flags Scope 112 Bits Group ID • ����� Broadcast Address �� IPv 6 ����� Multicast Address ��� • Scope : 1 - node local 2 - link-local 5 - site-local 8 - organization-local B - community-local E - global ���� : FF 01: : 1

Scope of Multicast

Imbedded IPv 4 Address 80 Bits 0000……………… 0000 16 Bits 0000 32 Bits IPv 4 Address IPv 4 Compatible IPv 6 Addresses ���� : : 192. 168. 30. 1 -> : : C 0 AB: 1 E 01 80 bits 0000……………… 0000 16 Bits FFFF 32 Bits IPv 4 Address IPv 4 Mapped IPv 6 Address ���� : : FFFF: 192. 168. 30. 1 -> : : FFFF: COAB: 1 E 01

IPv 6 Prefix Representation • ��������� CIDR �� IPv 4 ���� : 3 FFE: : 2300: CE 21: 233: FEA 0/60 201: 468: 1102: 1: : 1/64

Dual-Stack www. a. com=? Dual-stack Router 3 ffe: b 00: : 1 IPv 4 Network IPv 6 Network Web Server www. a. com 3 ffe: b 00: : 1

Tunneling IPv 6 header IPv 6 Network IPv 6 host IPv 6 header IPv 6 data Dualstack Router IPv 4 Network Dualstack Router Tunnel: IPv 6 in IPv 4 Packet IPv 4 header IPv 6 data IPv 6 Network IPv 6 host

Translation Translator IPv 6 Network IPv 4 Applications IPv 6 Native Host

IPv 4 – IPv 6 Transition Step

IPv 6 Examples (Ping) CATIPv 6#ping ipv 6 2002: CA 2 F: FE 16: : 1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100 -byte ICMP Echos to 2002: CA 2 F: FE 16: : 1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms

IPv 6 Examples (Traceroute) CATIPv 6# traceroute ipv 6 www. 6 bone. net Type escape sequence to abort. Tracing the route to 6 bone. net (3 FFE: B 00: C 18: 1: : 10) 1 v 6 -tunnel 69 -uk 6 x. ipv 6. btexact. com (2001: 7 F 8: 2: 8029: : 2) 564 msec 556 msec 564 msec 2 v 6 -tunnel-japan-telecom. ipv 6. btexact. com (2001: 7 F 8: 2: 8016: : 3) 732 msec 736 msec 748 msec 3 * * * 4 * * * 5 rap. ipv 6. viagenie. qc. ca (3 FFE: B 00: C 18: 1: 290: 27 FF: FE 17: FC 0 F) 944 msec 976 msec 940 msec 6 6 bone. net (3 FFE: B 00: C 18: 1: : 10) 944 msec 952 msec 948 msec

IPv 6 Examples (URL) http: //202. 47. 249. 7 IPv 4 http: //www. cat. net. th http: //[3 ffe: 8010: 7: 3 d: : 2] http: //www. 6 bone. net IPv 6

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