Stuarts part I A James I 1603 1625

Stuarts (part I) A. James I (1603 -1625) 1. Unified the thrones of England Scotland 2. Proclaimed Divine Right of Kings � But, had money problems � And since Parliament controlled purse strings. . . � Resorted to sale of nobility to gain money that he needed � Lost the trust of Parliament – his son/successor would pay for this

B. Charles I (1625 -1649) � 1. Parliament refuses to sign over Charles’ money except on a yearly basis � a. This means that Charles would have to call Parliament to meet every year to get his money � b. Charles would not be able to disregard Parliament as his father had � c. Charles decided to find other ways of getting money

� 2. A war with Spain and France in 1620 s means Charles needs serious money to fight the war � 3. Petition of Right – 1628 (See Next Slide) �Parliament extorts this agreement out of Charles in return for the money he needs �Petition contains many rights that we now take for granted and limits power of king �Charles signs, and then immediately dismisses Parliament for next 10 years

Petition of Right A) Parliament must consent to taxes or loans from people/towns B) King can’t imprison anyone without just cause C) Troops can’t be housed in private homes without consent of owner D) King can’t declare martial law unless country was at war

Personal Rule of Charles I 4. By 1638, war loomed with Scotland later with Ireland Scottish Church � Parliament called and dismissed in 3 weeks = Short Parliament � 1640 - Parliament called again = Long Parliament, because Charles still needs money badly � 1. Parliament demands what are later referred to as the 19 Propositions, which would make them supreme power in England �Charles says no, attempts to arrest members of Parl. �Both sides prepare for war

5. English Civil War (1642 -1647) �a. Charles vs. Parliament led eventually by Oliver Cromwell �b. Charles surrenders 1647 �c. Charles executed in l 649 by the “Rump Parliament” after Cromwell got rid of any who opposed execution � Civil War Report

II. Interregnum (1649 -1659) = period "between kings" �Government became a commonwealth with rule by Parliament �Oliver Cromwell turned it into a Puritan dictatorship in 1654 �Upon Cromwell’s death (1658), his weak son, Richard, took over until Parliament got rid of him Monty Python song Cromwell’s dictatorship and the Restoration

A. Restoration of Merry Monarch, Charles II (1660 -1685) �Limited monarch, not absolute �Deathbed conversion to Catholic Faith

B. James II, Charles II's brother, (1685 -1688) �Was a Catholic, but daughters were Anglican, so Parliament let him become king � 2 nd wife had son who would be heir to the throne, and he was Catholic � 3. Parliament, fearing long line of Catholic kings, deposed James in Glorious Revolution (1688)

C. William and Mary invited to throne by Parliament � 1. Required to sign Bill of Rights (See Next Slide) before coronation � Parliament every 3 years � No standing army, taxes without Parliamentary consent � 2. From this point forward Parliament runs the show � Development of office of Prime Minister � Decline of power of Monarchy � 3. 1701 – Act of Settlement declares Catholics ineligible to become king D. 1707 – Act of Union unifies the governments of England Scotland

English Bill of Rights - 1689 �A) No taxes or army without parliament’s consent �B) Parliament to be held often with free debate �C) Right to trial by jury, fair bail, appeal to the monarch �D) No cruel and unusual punishment

Prime Minister’s Questions Silly Highlights Top Five Don’t tell the PM what to say – first minute Order, Order Shut up! Skinner Out of Control Pipsqueak – Pipsqueak