STRUCTURES OF THE SENSORY SYSTEM ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS What
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STRUCTURES OF THE SENSORY SYSTEM
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS What are the structures of the sensory system ? What are the structures of the ear? 3. 03 Remember the structures of the sensory system 2
● Eyes THE SENSES ● Sight ● Ears ● Hearing ● Nose ● Smell ● Tongue ● Taste ● Skin ● Touch 3. 03 Remember the structures of the sensory system 3
EARS 3. 03 Remember the structures of the sensory system 4
STRUCTURES OF THE EARS • External ear • Middle ear • Also known as the tympanic cavity • Inner ear • Also known as the labyrinth 3. 03 Remember the structures of the sensory system 5
STRUCTURES OF THE EARS • External ear • Pinna or auricle • Auditory canal or external auditory meatus • Ceruminous glands • Tympanic membrane 3. 03 Remember the structures of the sensory system 6
STRUCTURES OF THE EARS • Middle ear • Ossicles • Hammer or malleus • Anvil or incus • Stirrup or stapes • Eustachian tube 3. 03 Remember the structures of the sensory system 7
STRUCTURES OF THE EARS • Inner ear • Cochlea • Perilymph fluid • Semicircular canals • Endolymph fluid • Vestibule chamber 3. 03 Remember the structures of the sensory system 8
EARS Name the structures… • Review 3. 03 Remember the structures of the sensory system 9
3. 04 Functions of the ear 3. 04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system 10
Understand the functions of the sensory system Essential Questions • What are the functions of the sensory system? • What are the functions of the ear? 3. 04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system 11
Understanding the functions of the ear: Hearing Test Video 3. 04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system 12
Understanding the functions of the ear External ear • Pinna - collects sound waves • External auditory canal - ear canal – Contains cerumen (ear wax) • Tympanic membrane - ear drum, separates outer and middle ear
Understanding the functions of the ear Middle ear: Ossicles • Three tiny bones in the ear that vibrate when sound is heard and transmits it to the inner ear • Malleus - hammer • Incus - anvil • Stapes - stirrup 3. 04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system 14
Understanding the functions of the ear Middle ear: Eustachian tube • Connects with the pharynx, equalizes pressure in the middle ear with outside atmosphere 3. 04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system 15
Understanding the functions of the ear Inner ear: Cochlea • Contains membranous tube, the cochlear duct • Duct is filled with fluid that vibrates when sound waves are transmitted by the stapes 16
Understanding the functions of the ear Inner ear: Semicircular canals • Three structures in inner ear • Contain liquid that is set in motion by head and body movements • Impulses sent to cerebellum to help maintain body balance (equilibrium)
Understanding the functions of the ear Pathway of hearing • Trace the pathway of hearing. • Someone speaks • External auditory canal • Tympanic membrane • Ossicles • Cochlea • Auditory nerve 3. 04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system 18
Understanding the functions of the ear Pathway of hearing Process of hearing. ● Movement of the fluid in the inner ear, or cochlea, causes changes in tiny structures called hair cells. This movement of the hair cells sends electric signals from the inner ear up the auditory nerve to the brain. ● The brain then interprets these electrical signals as sound. 3. 04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system 19
Understanding the functions of the ear Pathway of hearing • What are decibels? • Unit used to measure the intensity of a sound or the power level of an electrical signal by comparing it with a given level on a logarithmic scale 3. 04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system 20
What is occurring at each structure? e h t ew i v e f R o y a w h t pa g n i r hea
Healthy Hearing How do you protect your hearing? Listen to music and TV at a lower level and wear hearing protection when sounds are going to be loud What is the relevance to healthy hearing? Primary sense - protects us 3. 04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system 22
Disorders of the ear 3. 04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system 23
Disorders of the ear What instruments are used to examine the ear? otoscope What specialist studies the ears, nose, and throat? Otolaryngologist 3. 04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system 24
Disorders of the ear: External otitis ● An infection of the skin of the ear canal ● Causes external otitis is bacteria and sometimes fungi 25
Disorders of the ear: External otitis Treatment: ● Debris removal ● Antibiotic ear drops ● Pain relievers Prevention: ● Keep ears dry and clean even after swimming 26
Disorders of the ear: Otitis media What is otitis media? • Infection of middle ear in children • Children are most at risk as a complication of common cold 27
Disorders of the ear: Otitis media • What are the treatment options? • If chronic or if fluid builds up Myringotomy (tubes) • The opening relieves the pressure 3. 04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system 28
Disorders of the ear: Otosclerosis • Oto- sclerosis – Condition of abnormal bone growth around the stapes bone, one of the tiny bones of the middle ear. – This leads to a fixation of the stapes bone. The stopes bone must move freely for the ear to work properly. 29
Disorders of the ear: Otosclerosis What causes it? – Genetic predisposition Why is a stapedectomy useful in treating otosclerosis? – It is removal of part or all of the stapes and replacing with a prosthetic that can vibrate the fluid in the cochlea 3. 04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system 30
Disorders of the ear: Meniere’s Disease is a disorder of the inner ear that causes spontaneous episodes of vertigo (a sensation of a spinning motion) 3. 04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system 31
Disorders of the ear: Meniere’s Disease Symptoms: • A sudden sensation of spinning motion • Fluctuating hearing loss • Ringing in the ear (tinnitus) • Feeling of fullness or pressure in ear • May only affect one ear 3. 04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system 32
Disorders of the ear: Meniere’s Disease Cause: • Not well understood • Appears to be the result of the abnormal volume or composition of fluid in the inner ear 3. 04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system 33
Disorders of the ear: Meniere’s Disease Treatment • Medication to decrease the amount of fluid in the ear • Anti-nausea • Motion sickness medication 34
Disorders of the ear: Tinnitus • What is tinnitus? • Ringing or noise in the ears • Tinnitus is a symptom, not a disorder, of an underlying condition such as age-related hearing loss, ear injury or a circulatory system disorder 35
Disorders of the ear: Presbycusis • What is presbycusis? • Loss of hearing that gradually occurs in most individuals as they grow older. • Hearing loss is common disorder associated with aging. • About 30 -35 percent of adults between the ages of 65 -75 years have a hearing loss 36
Disorders of the ear: Presbycusis What is the difference between conductive hearing loss and sensory hearing loss? • Conductive hearing loss occurs when there is a problem conducting sound waves anywhere along the route. • May occur with sensorineural hearing loss or alone. • Treatment is a hearing aid. 37
Disorders of the ear: Presbycusis What is the difference between conductive hearing loss and sensory hearing loss? • Occurs when there is damage to the inner ear or to the nerve pathways from the inner ear to the brain. Most of the time SNHL cannot be medically or surgically corrected • This is the most common type of permanent hearing loss 38
Testing for hearing loss Weber test Will tell if the hearing loss is conductive or sensory Rinne test Compares air and bone conduction hearing. Air conduction hearing occurs through air near the ear Bone conduction hearing occurs through vibrations. 39
3. 04 Understand the disorders of the ear Essential Questions • What are some disorders of the sensory system? • How are sensory system disorders treated? • How do you relate the body’s communication to the sensory system? 3. 04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system 40
3. 04 Disorders of the ear The End 3. 04 Understand the functions and disorders of the sensory system 41
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