Structures of a Sentence Phrases Clauses Runons Fragments

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Structures of a Sentence Phrases, Clauses, Run-ons, Fragments, and Correct Comma Usage

Structures of a Sentence Phrases, Clauses, Run-ons, Fragments, and Correct Comma Usage

I. Phrases and Clauses: Sentences are composed of phrases and clauses. A. Phrase: group

I. Phrases and Clauses: Sentences are composed of phrases and clauses. A. Phrase: group of words that lacks either a subject or a predicate (or both) 1. has no food (lacks subject) 2. Katie’s house (lacks predicate) 3. except some chocolate (lacks both) 4. Together, they form a complete sentence: Katie’s house has no food except some chocolate.

5. Important types of phrases to note: a. Prepositional phrases: these phrases begin with

5. Important types of phrases to note: a. Prepositional phrases: these phrases begin with a preposition (a word that shows a relationship between one noun and some other word in a sentence)and end with the first noun or pronoun that follows it (called the object of the preposition). -don’t confuse prepositional phrases with verb phrases! -remember, a preposition is anywhere a bird can fly: “The bird flew…OVER the birdhouse. ”

Phrases and Clauses Continued… B. Clause: a group of words that has both a

Phrases and Clauses Continued… B. Clause: a group of words that has both a subject and a predicate. 1. Independent Clause: a complete thought and can stand by itself as a full sentence. (i. e. : It might be time to buy new shoes. ) 2. Dependent Clause: does not present a complete thought and cannot stand alone as its own sentence. (i. e. : If you can’t find one of them) • a. starts with words like: who, which, that, because, if, when, until, before, and after. 3. Together they make a complete sentence.

** Side Note: Complex Dependent Clauses Dependent clauses can become more complex if we

** Side Note: Complex Dependent Clauses Dependent clauses can become more complex if we add subjects, objects, and modifying phrases: Jim, who likes chocolate, read a book. Jim is the subject. "Who likes chocolate" is a dependent clause that modifies Jim. **BECAUSE THE SUBJECT IS PRESENT, and the dependent clause modifies it, it is ok that the subject doesn’t appear within the confines of the clause. It contains "likes" which is a verb, so you’re good! Read more at : http: //grammar. yourdictionary. com/

II. Sentence Fragment: group of words that does not express a complete thought A.

II. Sentence Fragment: group of words that does not express a complete thought A. A sentence fragment can be a phrase or a dependent clause. 1. eats cookies (no subject) 2. Cookie Monster, from Sesame Street (no predicate) 3. on a daily basis (no subject or predicate) 4. After he eats cookies (has both, but indicates that more is needed to complete thought)

Let’s play a game!!!! kahoot. it • Go to: and wait for the code

Let’s play a game!!!! kahoot. it • Go to: and wait for the code to enter in your phone http: //goo. gl/nwj. Wnn

III. Types of Sentences A. Simple Sentence: made with one independent clause (may have

III. Types of Sentences A. Simple Sentence: made with one independent clause (may have simple or compound subject/ may have simple or compound predicate – NO dependent clause). “Susan flies to Hawaii. ” B. Compound Sentence: made of two or more simple sentences that are joined by a conjunction, punctuation, or both. “Susan flies to Hawaii, and she takes surfing lessons. ”

Types of Sentences Continued… C. Complex Sentence: contains one independent clause and one or

Types of Sentences Continued… C. Complex Sentence: contains one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses. “After Susan takes a nap, she reads a book by the shore. ” D. Compound-Complex Sentence: contains two or more independent clauses AND one or more dependent clauses. “When you arrive, you can clearly see that Hawaii offers a variety of activities, but it takes a while to get there. ”

Types of Sentences Continued… E. In order to join independent and dependent clauses, to

Types of Sentences Continued… E. In order to join independent and dependent clauses, to create these more complex type of sentences, you will need to use different types of conjunctions: 1. SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS: shows the relationship between two sentences or clauses (cause and effect). after, although, as if, as long as, as though, because, before, if, in order that, provided that, since, so that, though, unless, until, when, whereas, while 2. COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS: joins words, sentences or clauses that relate to one another and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so (FANBOYS)

Think You Can Tell What Kind of Sentence? Go to: kahoot. it and wait

Think You Can Tell What Kind of Sentence? Go to: kahoot. it and wait for the code! http: //goo. gl/JL 4 Dy. T

IV. Run-Ons: when a writer combines two or more simple sentences into one without

IV. Run-Ons: when a writer combines two or more simple sentences into one without the proper punctuation or linking words. A. Comma Splice: when a comma (alone) is used to separate two independent clauses/simple sentences. i. e. : I like chocolate, it makes me smile. B. Fixes for Run-ons: 1. add a comma and a conjunction: “I like chocolate, and it makes me smile. ” 2. add a semi colon: “I like chocolate; it makes me smile. ” 3. Separate the two independent clauses into two complete sentences: “I like chocolate. It makes me smile. ”

V. Comma Use- other rules to recognize A. Commas to set off Introductory Clauses,

V. Comma Use- other rules to recognize A. Commas to set off Introductory Clauses, Phrases, and words: commas are used to set off long introductory phrases and introductory dependent clauses. i. e. “Until you finish your research, you should not write a thesis. ” i. e. “No, I don’t have any more chocolate. ” B. Commas set off clauses, phrases, or words in a series: i. e. “Jenny went to the store, danced down the aisle, and slipped on the spilled milk. ” C. Commas set off interrupters or non-restrictive modifiers (stuff that isn’t needed): i. e. “Please, Carol, return the chocolate to my desk. ” D. Commas set off appositives (words used directly after to explain others what is meant): i. e. “Mrs. Koch, my goofy English teacher, makes grammar come alive. ”

You are a Sentence Structure Super Star!

You are a Sentence Structure Super Star!