STRUCTURE Nose Nasal septum divides nose into R

* *Nose *Nasal septum divides nose into R and L sides * Both sides

* *Cavities in skull filled with air * Frontal, maxillary, sphenoid, and ethmoid *Connected

* *Throat *Serves as a common passageway for air and food *5” long *Can

* *Voice box *Triangular chamber below pharynx *Composed of nine fibrocartilaginous plates *Adams apple

* *Windpipe *Tubelike passageway that extends from the larynx, passes in front of esophagus,

* *Lower end of trachea divides into R and L bronchus * Right bronchus

* *Clusters of thin-walled sacs made of single layer epithelial tissue *Inner surfaces covered

* *Fill thoracic cavity *Upper part = apex *Lower part = base *Lung tissue

* *Membrane that covers lungs (thin, moist, and slippery tough endothelial cells) *Double-walled sac

* *Interpleural space *Between lungs along the medial plane of the thorax and extends

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* STRUCTURE

* *Nose *Nasal septum divides nose into R and L sides * Both sides are lined with ______ membranes *Cilia – hairs in nose that trap dirt and particles

* *Cavities in skull filled with air * Frontal, maxillary, sphenoid, and ethmoid *Connected to nasal cavity by ducts *Lined with mucous membrane * Helps to warm and moisten air passing through them *Give resonance to the voice *SEE FIGURE 17 -3 pg 355

* *Throat *Serves as a common passageway for air and food *5” long *Can be subdivided into: * Nasopharynx * Oropharynx * laryngopharynx

* *Voice box *Triangular chamber below pharynx *Composed of nine fibrocartilaginous plates *Adams apple – largest of the plates *Contains vocal cords * Become larger in males during puberty which makes Adams apple more prominent *Lined with mucous membrane *Epiglottis – flap of cartilage that covers larynx during swallowing *SEE FIGURE 17 -4 pg 356

* *Windpipe *Tubelike passageway that extends from the larynx, passes in front of esophagus, and continues to form the 2 bronchi *4 ½” long *Walls have bands of C-shaped cartilage *Lined with ciliated mucous membrane *FIGURE 17 -4

* *Lower end of trachea divides into R and L bronchus * Right bronchus is shorter, wider, and more vertical *Become bronchial tubes and bronchioles as branches enter lungs *FIGURE 17 -5 pg 358

* *Clusters of thin-walled sacs made of single layer epithelial tissue *Inner surfaces covered with surfactant * What does surfactant do? *Each alveolus surrounded by capillaries * Why? *FIGURE 17 -5

* *Fill thoracic cavity *Upper part = apex *Lower part = base *Lung tissue porous and spongy, it floats * Due to alveoli and air it contains *R lung larger and broader but shorter, 3 lobes (superior, middle, and inferior) *L lung smaller, narrower, and longer, has 2 lobes (superior and inferior) *FIGURE 17 -6 pg 359

* *Membrane that covers lungs (thin, moist, and slippery tough endothelial cells) *Double-walled sac *Space is pleural cavity *Pleural cavity filled with pleural fluid to prevent friction

* *Interpleural space *Between lungs along the medial plane of the thorax and extends from the sternum to vertebrae *Contains the thoracic viscera