Structure and Function of the Reproductive System Chapter

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System Chapter 22

Development of the Reproductive System o Dependent on sex hormones n n o Males—testosterone Females—estrogen, FSH, and LH Sexual differentiation in utero n n n Homologous structures Gonads Ducts o o Mesonephric Paramesonephric 2 Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc.

Development of the Reproductive System 3 Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc.

Development of the Reproductive System 4 Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc.

Development of the Reproductive System o Puberty n n Exact trigger unknown Females o o n n Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and its sulfate (DHAS) Begins with thelarche (breast development) in females Adrenarche Gonadarche 5 Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc.

Development of the Reproductive System 6 Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc.

Female Reproductive System o External genitalia (vulva) n n n Mons pubis Labia majora Labia minora Clitoris Vestibule 7 Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc.

Female Reproductive System o External genitalia (vulva) n n n Introitus Hymen Urinary meatus Lesser vestibular glands (Skene glands) Greater vestibular glands (Bartholin glands) Perineum 8 Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc.

External Genitalia (Vulva) 9 Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc.

Internal Genitalia o o Vagina Uterus Fallopian tubes Ovaries 10 Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc.

Internal Genitalia 11 Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc.

Uterine Position 12 Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc.

Internal Genitalia 13 Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc.

Ovary 14 Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc.

Follicle Development 15 Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc.

Female Sex Hormones o Estrogens n n n o o Estradiol Estrone Estriol Progesterone Androgens 16 Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc.

Menstrual Cycle o o o Menarche Menopause Phases n n n Menstruation (menses) Follicular/proliferative phase Luteal/secretory phase 17 Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc.

Menstrual Cycle o o Ovarian cycle Uterine phases Vaginal response Body temperature change 18 Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc.

The Menstrual Cycle 19 Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc.

Hormone Controls 20 Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc.

Ovarian Cycle 21 Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc.

Male Reproductive System o External genitalia n Testes o n n Epididymis Scrotum Penis 22 Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc.

Male Reproductive System 23 Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc.

Male Reproductive System 24 Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc.

Male Reproductive System 25 Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc.

Male Reproductive System o Internal genitalia n n n Seminal vesicles Prostate gland Bulbourethral glands 26 Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc.

Male Internal Genitalia 27 Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc.

Spermatogenesis o o o Spermatogonia Primary spermatocytes Secondary spermatocytes Spermatids Sertoli cells 28 Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc.

Spermatogenesis 29 Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc.

Male Reproductive System 30 Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc.

Male Sex Hormones o Androgens n n n Primary androgen—testosterone Produced mainly in the Leydig cells of the testes Testosterone o o n Sexual differentiation Urogenital system development Nervous and skeletal tissue development Sex drive Dihydrotestosterone and prolactin 31 Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc.

Structure and Function of the Breast o o Modified sebaceous glands on the ventral surface of the thorax Female breast n n n o Nipple Areola Glands of Montgomery Male breast n n Until puberty, male and female breast development is similar Without the sufficient influence of estrogen and progesterone, the male breast does not develop any further 32 Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc.

Structure and Function of the Breast 33 Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc.

Structure and Function of the Breast 34 Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc.

Tests of Reproductive Function o Infection and cancer tests n n n o Culture Serologic testing Tissue biopsy Needle biopsy Papanicolaou (Pap) test Mammography Fertility tests 35 Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc.

Aging and the Female Reproductive System o o o Menopause Perimenopause Vasomotor symptoms n Vasomotor flush 36 Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc.

Aging and the Female Reproductive System 37 Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc.

Aging and the Male Reproductive System o o o Male’s reproductive capacity is longer than women’s There is not an event comparable to menopause Decreased erectile and ejaculatory function Testes atrophy, decrease in weight, and soften Decreased levels of gonadotropins and testosterone 38 Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc.