Stripe Rust Resistance in Chinese Wheat Cultivars Xianchun

Stripe Rust Resistance in Chinese Wheat Cultivars Xianchun Xia National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences xiaxianchun@caas. net. cn Wheat Breeding, CAAS

Epidemics of Stripe Rust in China is the largest epidemic area of stripe rust in the world. Fifteen countrywide stripe rust epidemics have been recorded since 1950, and losses of 6. 0, 3. 2, 1. 8 and 1. 3 million metric tons of wheat occurred in 1950, 1964, 1990 and 2002, respectively. Wheat Breeding, CAAS

Epidemics of Stripe Rust in China 2005, 2006: Epidemic areas are around 4 m ha, with yield loses of 240, 000 tons under the application of fungicides. Wheat Breeding, CAAS

Epidemics of Stripe Rust in China Frequencies of races of P. striiformis tritici (2005, 2006): CYR 31: -, 5. 13% (2006) CYR 32: 29. 97%, 29. 82% Shuiyuan 11 races (including 14 pathotypes) 49. 02%, 53. 40% Wheat Breeding, CAAS

Epidemics of Stripe Rust in China Frequency of virulence (2006): Yr 3 (Danish 1): 95. 98% Yr 3 b, 4 b (Hybrid 46): 41. 75% Yr 6 (Trigo Eureka): 94. 73% Yr 9 (Lovrin 10 and 13): 79. 06% Yr. A (Funo): 96. 12% Wheat Breeding, CAAS

Epidemics of Stripe Rust in China Effective genes currently: Yr 5, Yr 10, Yr 11, Yr 12, Yr 13, Yr 14, Yr 15, Yr 16, Yr 18, Yr 26, Yr 27, Yr. C 591, Yr. Spp and Yr. Gaby Wheat Breeding, CAAS

Stripe rust epidemics in southwestern China

Chuanmai 42 Chuanmai 107 Resistant Susceptible

50 o 45 o 40 o 35 o Hot spot 30 o 25 o Ten wheat regions in China

Longnan of Gansu province is a hotspot for stripe rust

Problems • • Frequent changes in the population of isolates of P. striiformis tritici Lack of diversity in resistance, about half of the Chinese wheat cultivars derived from 1 B/1 R translocation containing Yr 9

Crucial issue in wheat breeding for stripe rust Durable resistance! Wheat Breeding, CAAS

Breeding for Durable Resistance 1. Major genes：pyramiding, multilines, gene deployment 2. Slow stripe rusting Wheat Breeding, CAAS

Deployment of Stripe rust resistance genes in Longnan of Gansu province

Deployment of Stripe rust resistance genes in Longnan of Gansu province 1. High-altitude areas 2. Lantian 14, 15 (Yr 13), 18 (from Flinor), 19 (Yr 12), 20 (Yr 16) 3. etc. 4. 2. Middle-altitude areas 5. Lantian 11, 12, 21, 22 6. 3. Low-altitude areas 7. Lantian 17 (Yr 26), 23 (from Sax. F 4 -7), Zhongzhi 1 (Yr. C 591), 8. Longjian 9343 (Yr 10)

Studies for stripe rust resistance 1. Characterization of seedling and adultplant resistance to stripe rust in Chinese wheat cultivars 2. Mapping of stripe rust resistance genes Wheat Breeding, CAAS

Seedling resistance to stripe rust 1. 98 wheat cultivars and advanced lines 2. 26 isolates of P. striiformis tritici Wheat Breeding, CAAS

Seedling resistance to stripe rust Of the 98 cultivars and lines, 42 contain Yr 9, 19 have. Yr 26/ Yr 24, and others possess Yr 3 a, Yr 4 a, Yr 6, Yr 7, Yr. SD Three lines, N 139, 323 -2 and 3 S 857, were resistant to all isolates tested Wheat Breeding, CAAS

Seedling resistance to stripe rust Yr 15 was resistant to all isolates. Yr 24 /Yr 26 showed low infection type to all isolates except 75078. Yr 10 displayed resistant to all isolates except 75078 and 72107。 Wheat Breeding, CAAS

Characterization of adult-plant resistance to stripe rust 1. 135 wheat cultivars and lines 2、Beijing and Tianshui of Gansu province 2003 -04、2004 -05 Wheat Breeding, CAAS

Characterization of adult-plant resistance to stripe rust 1. Disease Severity, Infection Type 2. AUDPC , the Aera Under Disease Progress Curve AUDPC= Wheat Breeding, CAAS

Characterization of adult-plant resistance to stripe rust 1. 32 cultivars showed adult-plant resistance, which were highly susceptible to the isolate CYR 32 at seedling stage, but moderately/highly resistant at adult plant stage with lower FDS (Final Disease Severity) and AUDPC, 2. A significant correlation was found between FDS and AUDPC (r= 0. 91 -0. 98). Therefore, FDS might be a preferable parameter to AUDPC in breeding programs due to economy in assessing large numbers of genotypes. (Li et al. Plant Dis. 90: 1302 -1312 ) Wheat Breeding, CAAS

Mapping of stripe rust resistance genes in Chinese wheats 1. Stripe rust resistance in Zhou 8425 B was a good parent, from which 7 widely grown wheat cultivars and several advanced lines derived. Based on seedling test with 26 isolates of P. striiformis tritici, it may contain new stripe rust resistance genes. Wheat Breeding, CAAS

Mapping stripe rust resistance genes in Zhou 8425 B Pedigree information: Zhou 78 A /Annong 7959 (St 2422 -464 / Nainari 60) ↓ Zhou 8425 B (resistant to stripe rust, leaf rust and PM) During the past 20 years, about 40 cultivars have been developed from the line. (Seeds were offered Prof. Jorge Dubcovski, UC Davis) Wheat Breeding, CAAS

Mapping stripe rust resistance genes in Zhou 8425 B F 1, F 2 and F 3 populations from the cross Zhou 8425 B / Chinese Spring Wheat Breeding, CAAS

Mapping stripe rust resistance genes in Zhou 8425 B Wheat Breeding, CAAS

Mapping stripe rust resistance genes in Zhou 8425 B Fig. 1 Electrophoresis of PCR product amplified with SSR marker Xcfa 2040 in polyacrylamide gel. A, allele for resistant parent Zhou 8425 B (P 1); B, allele for Chinese Spring (P 2); Br, resistant bulk; Bs, susceptible bulk; An, Annong 7959; Zh, Zhou 78 A; R, resistant F 2 plants S, susceptible F 2 plants Wheat Breeding, CAAS

Mapping stripe rust resistance genes in Zhou 8425 B Wheat Breeding, CAAS

Mapping stripe rust resistance genes in Zhou 8425 B (F 3 families) Wheat Breeding, CAAS

Reaction patterns of Yr 2, Yr 6 and Yr. ZH 84 to 26 isolates Li et al. Theor Appl Genet, 112: 1098 -1103 Wheat Breeding, CAAS

Mapping stripe rust resistance genes in Chuanmai 42 Pedigree information: Chuanmai 42 from Syn 769/Sw 3243//Chuan 6415 Syn 769 was derived from Decoy 1, a T. turgidum accession (AABB), and Ae. tauschii 188 (DD). Wheat Breeding, CAAS

Mapping stripe rust resistance genes in Chuanmai 42 /Taichung 29 787 F 2 plants, 185 F 3 families Wheat Breeding, CAAS

Mapping stripe rust resistance genes in Chuanmai 42 Wheat Breeding, CAAS

Mapping stripe rust resistance genes in Chuanmai 42 819 SSR primers bulked segregant analysis (BSA) Chromosome 1 BL: Xwmc 626, Xgwm 273, Xgwm 11, Xgwm 18, Xbarc 137, Xbarc 187, Xgwm 498, Xbarc 240 and Xwmc 216 Wheat Breeding, CAAS

Mapping stripe rust resistance genes in Chuanmai 42 Amplification of a part of F 2 plants derived from the cross Chuanmai 42×Taichung 29 using SSR marker Xgwm 11. M： Marker, P 1: Chuanmai 42, P 2: Taichung 29, BR: resistant bulk, BS: susceptible bulk, R: resistant progenies, S: susceptible progenies, *: recombinant progenies, Arrow on the right side Wheat Breeding, CAAS

Mapping stripe rust resistance genes in Chuanmai 42 Wheat Breeding, CAAS

Mapping stripe rust resistance genes in Chuanmai 42 Wheat Breeding, CAAS

Mapping stripe rust resistance genes in Chuanmai 42 1 B Wheat Breeding, CAAS

Mapping stripe rust resistance genes in Chuanmai 42 1 BS Yr 10 1. 2 c. M Xpsp 3000 Yr 15 Xgwm 413 Yr. H 52 4. 3 c. M 1. 3 c. M Xgwm 273 2. 7 c. M Xgwm 18 1. 9 c. M Yr 26 Yr. CH 42 1. 6 c. M Yr 24 Xgwm 498 Xwmc 44 5. 6 c. M Yr 29 1 BL Wheat Breeding, CAAS

Mapping stripe rust resistance genes in Chuanmai 42 Li et al. Theor Appl Genet, 112: 1434 -1440 Wheat Breeding, CAAS

QTL mapping for adult-plant resistance to stripe rust 1. （Pingyuan 50 × Mianxian 169） F 2: 3 and DH lines 2004 -05，2005 -06 , 2006 -07 in Beijing and Gansu 2. （Libellula×Huixianhong） F 2: 3 lines tested in Beijing and Gansu 2004 -05，2005 -06 , 2006 -07 3. （N. Strampelli×Huixianhong） F 2: 3 lines tested in Beijing and Gansu, 2004 -05，2005 -06 , 2006 -07 Wheat Breeding, CAAS

Shuttle breeding with CIMMYT for adult-plant resistance

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