String and Air Instruments Review Standing waves in

String and Air Instruments • Review – Standing waves in String Instruments • Examples – String Instruments • Longitudinal Waves in Air • Standing Waves in Air Instruments (open-open) • Standing Waves in Air Instruments (open-closed) • Summary Air Instruments (open-open, open-closed) • Examples – String and Air Instruments

Review -Standing waves on a String •

String - Example 12 -7 •

String - Example 12 -8 •

Longitudinal Waves in Air • Traveling sound wave https: //sites. google. com/site/physicsflash/home/sound • Pressure and Displacement Nodes/Antinodes

Standing waves in Air – open/open end (1) • Display as transverse wave (easier to see) • Result: – Pressure wave node at both ends – Pipe length must be some multiple of ½ wavelength! (open/open)

Standing waves in Air – open/open end (2) • Animation – Pressure wave node at both ends http: //faraday. physics. utoronto. ca/IYear. Lab/Intros/Standing. Waves/Flash/sta 2 fix. html • Result: – Pressure wave node at both ends – Pipe length is some multiple of ½ wavelength!

Standing waves in Air – open/open end (3) •

Standing waves in Air – open/closed end (1) • Display as transverse wave (easier to see) • Result – Pressure wave node at one end, antinode at other – Pipe length is some odd multiple of ¼ wavelength

Standing waves in Air – open/closed end (2) • Animation – Pressure wave node at end, antinode at other http: //faraday. physics. utoronto. ca/IYear. Lab/Intros/Standing. Waves/Flash/sta 1 fix. html • Result – Pressure wave node at end, antinode at other – Pipe length is some odd multiple of ¼ wavelength

Standing waves in Air – open/closed end (3) •

Comparison of waves on string and air •

Examples of String and Air Instruments • String Instruments – Guitar – Violin – Piano • Air Instruments – Flute – “Trombone” – Soda bottle

Examples • Examples – Problem 25 – Open & closed, 1 st 3 harmonics – Problem 26 – Coke bottle – Problem 27 – Range of human hearing, pipe lengths – Problem 28 – Guitar sounds with fret – Problem 29 – Guitar sounds with fret – Problem 30 – Length of organ pipe – Problem 32 – Flute – Problem 34 – Pipe multiple harmonics

Problem 25 – Organ Pipe •

Problem 26 – Coke bottle •

Problem 27 – Full-range Pipe Organ •

Pipe Organ – variation in tube length St Steven’s Cathedral, Vienna

Problem 28 – Guitar •

Problem 29 – Guitar (1) •

Problem 29 – Guitar (2) •

Problem 30 – Organ Pipe •

Problem 32 - Flute •

Problem 34 – Assume open-open <? > •

Problem 34 – Assume open-closed <? > •