Stress The Constant Challenge Chapter 2 Stress n

Stress: The Constant Challenge Chapter 2

Stress n n What is Stress? Two Situations – Physical response to stress – Emotional responses to stress Chapter 2 2

Concepts in Stress n n n Stressor Stress response Stress Homeostasis Eustress Distress Chapter 2 3

Physical Responses to Stress n Actions of the Nervous System – Autonomic Nervous System • Sympathetic System – Fight or Flight response – Influences in modern day life • Parasympathetic System – Return to Homeostasis – Actions of the Endocrine system • Hormones Chapter 2 4

Endocrine System n n Function of the Amygdala Hypothalamus – Corticotropin releasing factor, CRF n Pituitary gland – ACTH n Adrenal gland – Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol Chapter 2 5

Effects of Adrenaline on the Body n n n n Hearing and Vision Lungs Heart Liver Sweat glands Pain receptors Muscles Digestive system Chapter 2 6

Chapter 2 7

The Fight or Flight Reaction in Modern Life n Today’s stressors elicit a physical response regardless of the treat. Chapter 2 8

Emotional & Behavioral Responses to Stress n Effective responses to stress: – Talking, Laughing, Exercise and Time Management n Ineffective responses to stress: – Overeating, procrastination, frustration Chapter 2 9

Responses to Stress n Somatic Nervous System – Manages conscious actions n Personality and Stress – Type A, B and C – Hardy Personality n n n Cultural background Gender Past Experiences Chapter 2 10

General Adaptation Syndrome (G. A. S. ) n Alarm – Fight or Flight n n n Resistance Exhaustion Allostatic load Chapter 2 11

Chapter 2 12

Alarm Phase Chapter 2 13

Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) n n The study of …. Complex network of nerve and chemical connections between the nervous system, endocrine system and the immune system. Chapter 2 14

Links Between Stress and Specific Health Conditions n n Cardiovascular Disease Weakened Immune System Psychological Problems Other health problems – Digestive disorders – Headaches – Insomnia – Injuries Chapter 2 15

Common Sources of Stress n n n n Life changes Daily hassles College Job Interpersonal Social Environmental Internal Chapter 2 16

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) n Cognitive, emotional and behavioral reactions to trauma – Signs – Positive steps to help cope Chapter 2 17

Techniques for Managing Stress n n n Social Support Communication Exercise Nutrition Sleep Chapter 2 18

Techniques for Managing Stress n Time Management – Say “NO” to procrastination – Say “YES” to: Setting priorities Schedule Realistic Goals Visualization Chapter 2 19

Techniques for Managing Stress n Cognitive Techniques – Think and Act constructively – Take control – Problem solve – Modify the experiences – Stay positive Chapter 2 20

Relaxation Techniques n n n n Deep Breathing Progressive Relaxation Visualization Meditation Yoga T’ai ch’uan Music Biofeedback Chapter 2 21

Counterproductive Coping Strategies n n Tobacco use Alcohol Other drugs Binge eating Chapter 2 22

Personal Plan for Managing Stress n n Identify the Stressor Designing your Plan – Personal contract n Getting Help Chapter 2 23

Behavioral Change Strategy n Systematic Desensitization – Phase III – Success Rehearsal Chapter 2 24

Thank You! Chapter 2 25