Stress Motivation Theories and Emotional Responses STRESS STRESS
![Stress, Motivation Theories, and Emotional Responses Stress, Motivation Theories, and Emotional Responses](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-1.jpg)
![STRESS STRESS](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-2.jpg)
![STRESS: - Holmes & Rahe Scales: 1967: Identified experiences for adults and non-adults that STRESS: - Holmes & Rahe Scales: 1967: Identified experiences for adults and non-adults that](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-3.jpg)
![Hans Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome Hans Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-4.jpg)
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![Stage 1: Alarm -Upon encountering a stressor, body reacts with “fight-or-flight” response and sympathetic Stage 1: Alarm -Upon encountering a stressor, body reacts with “fight-or-flight” response and sympathetic](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-7.jpg)
![Stage 2: Resistance -Parasympathetic nervous system returns many physiological functions to normal levels while Stage 2: Resistance -Parasympathetic nervous system returns many physiological functions to normal levels while](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-8.jpg)
![Stage 3: Exhaustion -If stressor continues beyond body’s capacity, organism exhausts resources and becomes Stage 3: Exhaustion -If stressor continues beyond body’s capacity, organism exhausts resources and becomes](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-9.jpg)
![MOTIVATION THEORIES Why do we do the things we do? MOTIVATION THEORIES Why do we do the things we do?](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-10.jpg)
![Theory Instinct Theory Drive Reduction Theory Arousal Theory Incentive Theory Cognitive Theory Self-Actualization Theory Theory Instinct Theory Drive Reduction Theory Arousal Theory Incentive Theory Cognitive Theory Self-Actualization Theory](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-11.jpg)
![Perspectives on Motivation There are 6 perspectives to explain motivation including the following: 1. Perspectives on Motivation There are 6 perspectives to explain motivation including the following: 1.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-12.jpg)
![Instinct Theory (Evolutionary Perspective) 1950’s: Instincts are complex behaviors that have fixed patterns throughout Instinct Theory (Evolutionary Perspective) 1950’s: Instincts are complex behaviors that have fixed patterns throughout](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-13.jpg)
![Instinct Theory • Decreased in popularity – Most important human behavior is learned – Instinct Theory • Decreased in popularity – Most important human behavior is learned –](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-14.jpg)
![Drive-Reduction Theory Bodily Needs (Biological Perspective) When the instinct theory of motivation failed it Drive-Reduction Theory Bodily Needs (Biological Perspective) When the instinct theory of motivation failed it](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-15.jpg)
![Two types of drives • Primary drive -Unlearned drive based on a physiological state Two types of drives • Primary drive -Unlearned drive based on a physiological state](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-16.jpg)
![Arousal Theory (Cognitive Perspective) (Arousal in this context = Awareness/Focus/Engagement) Human motivation aims to Arousal Theory (Cognitive Perspective) (Arousal in this context = Awareness/Focus/Engagement) Human motivation aims to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-17.jpg)
![Arousal Theory • Yerkes-Dodson Law – States that there is an optimal level of Arousal Theory • Yerkes-Dodson Law – States that there is an optimal level of](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-18.jpg)
![Incentive Theory (Cognitive Perspective) -Our behaviors are completely based on WANTS -We are purely Incentive Theory (Cognitive Perspective) -Our behaviors are completely based on WANTS -We are purely](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-19.jpg)
![Cognitive Theory (Cognitive Perspective!) Like the Incentive Theory, but not as simple. Our behaviors Cognitive Theory (Cognitive Perspective!) Like the Incentive Theory, but not as simple. Our behaviors](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-20.jpg)
![Self-Actualization Theory AKA Hierarchy of Needs Theory (Humanistic Perspective) Abraham Maslow (1970 s) suggested Self-Actualization Theory AKA Hierarchy of Needs Theory (Humanistic Perspective) Abraham Maslow (1970 s) suggested](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-21.jpg)
![Hierarchy of Needs Hierarchy of Needs](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-22.jpg)
![Hierarchy of Needs Hierarchy of Needs](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-23.jpg)
![Hierarchy of Needs Hierarchy of Needs](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-24.jpg)
- Slides: 24
![Stress Motivation Theories and Emotional Responses Stress, Motivation Theories, and Emotional Responses](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-1.jpg)
Stress, Motivation Theories, and Emotional Responses
![STRESS STRESS](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-2.jpg)
STRESS
![STRESS Holmes Rahe Scales 1967 Identified experiences for adults and nonadults that STRESS: - Holmes & Rahe Scales: 1967: Identified experiences for adults and non-adults that](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-3.jpg)
STRESS: - Holmes & Rahe Scales: 1967: Identified experiences for adults and non-adults that are most likely to cause physical health issues - Types of health problems associated with stress: Cancer, heart disease, high blood pressure
![Hans Selyes General Adaptation Syndrome Hans Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-4.jpg)
Hans Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-5.jpg)
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-6.jpg)
![Stage 1 Alarm Upon encountering a stressor body reacts with fightorflight response and sympathetic Stage 1: Alarm -Upon encountering a stressor, body reacts with “fight-or-flight” response and sympathetic](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-7.jpg)
Stage 1: Alarm -Upon encountering a stressor, body reacts with “fight-or-flight” response and sympathetic nervous system is activated. -Hormones such as cortisol and adrenalin released into the bloodstream to meet the threat or danger. -The body’s resources now mobilized.
![Stage 2 Resistance Parasympathetic nervous system returns many physiological functions to normal levels while Stage 2: Resistance -Parasympathetic nervous system returns many physiological functions to normal levels while](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-8.jpg)
Stage 2: Resistance -Parasympathetic nervous system returns many physiological functions to normal levels while body focuses resources against the stressor. -Blood glucose levels remain high, cortisol and adrenalin continue to circulate at elevated levels, but outward appearance of organism seems normal. -Increase HR, BP, breathing -Body remains on red alert.
![Stage 3 Exhaustion If stressor continues beyond bodys capacity organism exhausts resources and becomes Stage 3: Exhaustion -If stressor continues beyond body’s capacity, organism exhausts resources and becomes](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-9.jpg)
Stage 3: Exhaustion -If stressor continues beyond body’s capacity, organism exhausts resources and becomes susceptible to disease and death.
![MOTIVATION THEORIES Why do we do the things we do MOTIVATION THEORIES Why do we do the things we do?](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-10.jpg)
MOTIVATION THEORIES Why do we do the things we do?
![Theory Instinct Theory Drive Reduction Theory Arousal Theory Incentive Theory Cognitive Theory SelfActualization Theory Theory Instinct Theory Drive Reduction Theory Arousal Theory Incentive Theory Cognitive Theory Self-Actualization Theory](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-11.jpg)
Theory Instinct Theory Drive Reduction Theory Arousal Theory Incentive Theory Cognitive Theory Self-Actualization Theory Psychologist & Perspective Explanation of Behavior
![Perspectives on Motivation There are 6 perspectives to explain motivation including the following 1 Perspectives on Motivation There are 6 perspectives to explain motivation including the following: 1.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-12.jpg)
Perspectives on Motivation There are 6 perspectives to explain motivation including the following: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Instinct Theory Drive-Reduction Theory Arousal Theory Incentive Theory Cognitive Theory Self-Actualization Theory (AKA Hierarchy of Motives) 13
![Instinct Theory Evolutionary Perspective 1950s Instincts are complex behaviors that have fixed patterns throughout Instinct Theory (Evolutionary Perspective) 1950’s: Instincts are complex behaviors that have fixed patterns throughout](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-13.jpg)
Instinct Theory (Evolutionary Perspective) 1950’s: Instincts are complex behaviors that have fixed patterns throughout the species and are not learned. Tony Brandenburg/ Bruce Coleman, Inc. © Ariel Skelley/ Masterfile Where the woman builds different kinds of houses the bird builds only one kind of nest. 14
![Instinct Theory Decreased in popularity Most important human behavior is learned Instinct Theory • Decreased in popularity – Most important human behavior is learned –](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-14.jpg)
Instinct Theory • Decreased in popularity – Most important human behavior is learned – Human behavior is rarely inflexible and found throughout the species – Psychologists during the height of this craze identified 5759 ‘instincts’ • Humans have reflexes but not instincts 15
![DriveReduction Theory Bodily Needs Biological Perspective When the instinct theory of motivation failed it Drive-Reduction Theory Bodily Needs (Biological Perspective) When the instinct theory of motivation failed it](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-15.jpg)
Drive-Reduction Theory Bodily Needs (Biological Perspective) When the instinct theory of motivation failed it was replaced by the drive-reduction theory. A physiological need creates a state of tension (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need. Aim: Homeostasis! on i s n Te 16
![Two types of drives Primary drive Unlearned drive based on a physiological state Two types of drives • Primary drive -Unlearned drive based on a physiological state](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-16.jpg)
Two types of drives • Primary drive -Unlearned drive based on a physiological state found in all animals -Motivate behavior necessary for survival -Hunger, thirst and sex • Secondary drive -Learned drive – wealth or success • Problems with Drive-Reduction Theory – Once homeostasis is achieved we’d never do anything! – Not just balance we’re looking for in life! 17
![Arousal Theory Cognitive Perspective Arousal in this context AwarenessFocusEngagement Human motivation aims to Arousal Theory (Cognitive Perspective) (Arousal in this context = Awareness/Focus/Engagement) Human motivation aims to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-17.jpg)
Arousal Theory (Cognitive Perspective) (Arousal in this context = Awareness/Focus/Engagement) Human motivation aims to seek optimum levels of arousal, not to eliminate it. All of our actions have an ideal level of arousal. -Sleep -Performing on Stage -Studying -Driving -Watching TV
![Arousal Theory YerkesDodson Law States that there is an optimal level of Arousal Theory • Yerkes-Dodson Law – States that there is an optimal level of](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-18.jpg)
Arousal Theory • Yerkes-Dodson Law – States that there is an optimal level of arousal for best performance on any task – The more complex the task, the lower the level of arousal that can be tolerated without interfering with performance 19
![Incentive Theory Cognitive Perspective Our behaviors are completely based on WANTS We are purely Incentive Theory (Cognitive Perspective) -Our behaviors are completely based on WANTS -We are purely](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-19.jpg)
Incentive Theory (Cognitive Perspective) -Our behaviors are completely based on WANTS -We are purely motivated by rewards
![Cognitive Theory Cognitive Perspective Like the Incentive Theory but not as simple Our behaviors Cognitive Theory (Cognitive Perspective!) Like the Incentive Theory, but not as simple. Our behaviors](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-20.jpg)
Cognitive Theory (Cognitive Perspective!) Like the Incentive Theory, but not as simple. Our behaviors continue/cease due to reinforcement & punishment • Intrinsic motivation – Motivation for a behavior is the behavior itself – Children playing, for example • Extrinsic motivation – Behavior is performed in order to obtain a reward or to avoid punishment – Money earned for A’s on report card
![SelfActualization Theory AKA Hierarchy of Needs Theory Humanistic Perspective Abraham Maslow 1970 s suggested Self-Actualization Theory AKA Hierarchy of Needs Theory (Humanistic Perspective) Abraham Maslow (1970 s) suggested](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-21.jpg)
Self-Actualization Theory AKA Hierarchy of Needs Theory (Humanistic Perspective) Abraham Maslow (1970 s) suggested that certain needs have priority over others. Physiological needs like breathing, thirst, and hunger come before psychological needs such as achievement, self-esteem, and the need for recognition.
![Hierarchy of Needs Hierarchy of Needs](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-22.jpg)
Hierarchy of Needs
![Hierarchy of Needs Hierarchy of Needs](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-23.jpg)
Hierarchy of Needs
![Hierarchy of Needs Hierarchy of Needs](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/63bf221ed5ce232f77d38a130cda6168/image-24.jpg)
Hierarchy of Needs
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