Streptobacillus moniliformis The Microbe RatBite Fever Pleomorphic rod

Streptobacillus moniliformis The Microbe: • • • “Rat-Bite Fever” Pleomorphic (rod, filamentous); typically arranged in chains Variable in size: 0. 1 to 0. 5 um up to 10 to 15 um. Gram-negative Nonmotile -Exists in two forms: it’s spontaneous L-form type is considered nonpathogenic. Extremely fastidious organism; needs microaerophilic conditions to grow. -Chemoorganotrophic Facultative anaerobe; strictly fermentative S. moniliformis seems to live natural as a member of the commensal flora in the upper respiratory tract of rats. (Rats are asymptomally colonized). As such, has an optimal temperature of 35 -37 degrees C. Catalase and oxidase-negative enzymes. Chromosome: 1. 662578 Mb. • • M. Piechowski F 2013 Modified by DYH 2 Major contigs. Molecular percentage of G+C: 24 -25% SCANNING ELECTRON MICROGRAPH OF S. MONILIFORMIS 9901 http: //www. standardsingenomics. org/index. php/sigen/article/view/sigs. 31#t 3 Attribute. Value% of Total Genome size (bp)1, 673, 280100. 00 %DNA coding region (bp)1, 556, 87093. 04 %DNA G+C content (bp)439, 73326. 28 %Number of replicons 2 Extrachromosomal elements 1 Total genes 1, 566100. 00 %RNA genes 553. 51%r. RNA operons 5 Protein-coding genes 1, 51196. 49% Pseudo genes 694. 41% Genes with function prediction 1, 05467. 31 %Genes in paralog clusters 32120. 50% %CRISPR repeats 1 Info from: http: //www. standardsingenomics. org/index. php/sigen/article/view/sigs. 48727/131 http: //blog. hygienesuppliesdirect. com/pest-control/get-rid-of-rats/

M. Piechowski F 2013 Modified by DYH The Disease: - RBF is commonly transmitted from scratches or bites of infected rodents or from consuming food or drink with the bacteria. No evidence of person-person transmission. - The Disease characterizes symptoms of Fever, Vomiting, Headache, Sore Throat, Muscle pain, Joint pain and Rash. Symptoms occur 3 -10 days after exposure. Rash appears as maculopapular (flat, reddened areas with small bumps) localized to hands and feet extending to extremities. If left untreated, 10% mortality rate. - S. moniliformis virulence not well understood - - Alpha hemolysis Hemoaglutinin Rod form more virulent than cocci form Treatment: antibiotics. Penicillin most used. Wang and Wong BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7: 56 doi: 10. 1186/1471 -2334 -7 -56 Complete circular genome and plasmid sequencing http: //www. standardsingenomics. org/index. php/sigen/article/view/sigs. 48727/131