Stramenopiles Photosynthetic Stramenopiles Ochrophytes Synurophyceans SilicaScaled Algae Tribophyceans

Stramenopiles

Photosynthetic Stramenopiles (Ochrophytes) Synurophyceans (Silica-Scaled Algae) Tribophyceans (Yellow-Green) Chrysophyceans (Golden Brown) Phaeophyceans (Brown Algae, Bacillariophyceans Kelp, Rockweeds) (Diatoms)

Phaeophyceaen Diversity I Sporophyte (2 n) Scytosiphon Ectocarpus Gametophyte (n)

Phaeophyceaen Diversity II Sporophyte (2 n) Macrocystis Nereocystis (Kelp) Laminaria Gametophyte (n) Sargassum

Phaeophyceaen Diversity III Fucus (Rockweed)

Phaeophyceaen Diversity III Streblonema

Kelp Ecology 10

Kelp Ecology Productivity: Up to 1 kg C / m 2 / y (Graham et al. 2008)

KELP, ROCKWEED VIEWING SITES Point Lobos State Preserve, CA (just south of Monterrey CA)

KELP VIEWING SITES

Kelp Organ Differentiation (Holdfast, Stipe, Blade)

Kelp Organ Differentiation (Pneumatocysts= Bladders) Sargassum Macrocystis Nereocystis

Kelp Organ Differentiation 7

Kelp Vegetative Characteristics: Parenchyma

Kelp Growth and Development Patterns: Diffuse (Non-Localized) Growth Fig. 14. 19 in Graham et al. 2008

Kelp Growth and Development Patterns: Apical Meristems Figs. 14. 17 in Graham et al. 2008

Kelp Growth and Development Patterns: Intercalary Growth (Intercalary Meristem)

Kelp Growth and Development Patterns: Lateral Growth (Meristoderm)

Brown Algae Anatomy Revisited: Epidermis, Cortex and Medulla Figs. 17. 15 in Lee 1999

Brown Algae Conducting Cells: (Trumpet Hyphae) Figs. 14. 45, 14. 46 in Graham et al. 2008

Brown Algae Vegetative Characteristics: Plasmodesma

Brown Algae Herbivore Defenses: Tannins and Terpenes (Physodes) 21

Cell Wall 2 1

Cell Wall Components I: Alginates (and their salts) K+ 4 Na+ Mg 2+ Ca 2+

Cell Wall Components II 3

Cell Wall Components III: Fucans (Sulfated Polysaccharides)

Commercial Use 13 Alginate 12 11

Brown Algae Plastids (PER) Fig. 12. 5 in Graham et al. 2008

Brown Algae Pigments I 27

Brown Algae Pigments II Beta-Carotene 6 Fucoxanthin

Brown Algae Storage Product: Laminarin :

Brown Algae Pyrenoid 8

Putative Brown Algae Chloroplast Origin 34

Brown Algae Cell Division

Brown Algae Semi-Closed Mitosis

Brown Algae Cytokinesis

Isomorphic Alternation of Generations (Ectocarpus) Gametophyte (n) Sporophyte (2 n) Spore (n) Zygote (2 n) Gametes (n) Fig. 14. 23 in Graham et al. 2008

Unilocular Sporangium 11 Gametophyte Ectocarpus Sporophyte Pleurilocular Gametangium 12

Female Gametangium Male Gametangium Pheremone (= Sex Hormone) (e. g. , Ectocarpene)

Ectocarpus: Asexual Reproduction

Ectocarpus Summary Sporophyte (2 n) Gametophyte (n)

Heteromorphic Alternation of Generations (Laminaria) Sporophyte (2 n) Gametophyte (n 14 13 Zygote (2 n) Gametes (n)

Heteromorphic Alternation of Generations Sporophyte (2 n) (Laminaria) Gametophyte (n) Unilocular Sporangium Gametangia

Fucus (Air Bladders, Receptacles) 15

Diplontic (2 n) Life Cycle: Fucus Gametes (n) Zygote (2 n)

Conceptacles, Ostiole, Female Gametangia, Male Gametangia 16 Fucus 17 Gametes (n) Male Gametangia Female Gametangia

Sporophyte (2 n) Gametophyte (n) X

Stramenopiles: Phaeophyceae 18 19

1 http: //www. seaweed. ie/uses_ireland/images/irish_128. jpg 2 http: //www. divesitedirectory. co. uk/images/desktop_backgrounds/1024_768/ dive_site_directory_kelp_forest. jpg 3 http: //silicasecchidisk. conncoll. edu/Pics/Other%20 Algae/Other_jpegs/ Synura_Key 306. jpg 4 http: //users. utu. fi/hlehto/photo/micro/tanska/mikro_394_9484_ochromonas. jpg 5 http: //silicasecchidisk. conncoll. edu/Pics/Other%20 Algae/Other_jpegs/ Tribonema_Key 245. jpg 6 http: //www. urbanrivers. org/drawingdiatoms/diatom 2. jpg 7 http: //www. onr. navy. mil/Focus/ocean/images/habitats/kelpai. jpg

8 http: //sbc. lternet. edu/sites/images/Macrocystisdistr 485. jpg 9 http: //www. birdsasart. com/Sea-Otter-meeting-in-kelp-_J 7 X 0094 Konuji-Island, -Kodiak-AK. jpg 10 http: //www. ics. uci. edu/~eppstein/pix/sv/mba/Kelp. Forest-m. jpg 11 http: //www. tiranti. co. uk/data/Photos/Alginate. Kit. jpg 12 http: //img. products. howstuffworks. com/cctool/Prd. Img/images/ pr/177 X 150/00/02/1 f/ef/8 b/35647371. JPG 13 http: //www. foodprocessing-technology. com/contractor_images/fmc/ 1_cezanne. jpg 14 http: //www. ne. jp/asahi/marine/algae/Ectocarpus 3. jpg 15 http: //www. bio. utexas. edu/research/utex/photogallery/Images/ 2008 -Ectocarpus-siliculosus. jpg

16 http: //www. emc. maricopa. edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/cellulose. gif 17 http: //www. kjemi. uio. no/Polymerkjemi/Research/alginate. jpg 18 http: //blog. khymos. org/wp-content/2006/09/calcium-alginate. jpg 19 http: //www. rpi. edu/dept/bcbp/molbiochem/MBWeb/mb 1/part 2/images/ heparin. gif 20 http: //www. apsnet. org/education/Illustrated. Glossary/Photos. N-R/ plasmodesma. jpg 21 http: //www. quickonthenet. com/2006/9379/pix/gallery/tannin 850. jpg 22 http: //www. biologie. uni-hamburg. de/b-online/fo 44/ectoca 60. jpg