Storage Model Hierarchies Storage Workgroup August 6 th

Storage Model Hierarchies Storage Workgroup August 6 th, 2015

Issue Summary • Issue #1: Li-ion and Flow Battery similarities and differences: • Li-ion battery terminology: • Bank -> String -> Module -> Cell • From Andy: Additional protection equipment @ String level or Module level – how to include? And how similar/different from Flow? • Flow battery terminology: • Bank -> String -> DC Battery -> Stack -> Cell • Li-ion banks (for grid scale at least) are generally multiple strings • Flow battery banks are often just one string, so bank and string are equivalent • Issue: How to structure the models to build on similarities but not limit or bog down one technology? • Issue #2: Some workgroup participants have expressed interest in having models that “go further down the stack”. E. g. Li-ion Module model

Model Proposal Model Description Fixed Part Repeating Part 801 Energy Storage Base Model Storage Device TBD 802 Battery Base Model Battery Device TBD 803 Lithium Ion Battery Model Li-ion Battery Bank Individual Strings 804 Lithium Ion Battery String Model (New) Li-ion Battery String Individual Modules 805 Lithium Ion Module Model (New) Li-ion Battery Module Individual Cells 810 Flow Battery Model Flow Battery Bank Individual Strings 811 Flow Battery String Model (New) Flow Battery String Individual DC Batteries 812 Flow Battery DC Battery Model (New) Flow Battery DC Battery Individual Stacks 813 Flow battery Stack Model (New) Flow Battery Stack Individual Cells

Example #1: Simple Li-ion Battery Common Model 801 - Storage Base 802 – Battery 803 – Li-ion Battery String 1 String 2 … String N Terminator

Example #2: Detailed Li-ion Battery Common Model 801 - Storage Base 802 – Battery 803 – Li-ion Battery String 1 String 2 … String N 804 – Li-ion Battery String (String #1) Module 1 Module 2 … Module N 804 – Li-ion Battery String (String #2) Module 1 Module 2 … Module N … 804 – Li-ion Battery String (String #N) Module 1 Module 2 … Module N Terminator Repeating string data in 803 model overlaps somewhat with data exposed in 804 models presumably provide more detail.

Example #3: Super Detailed Li-ion Battery 001 - Common Model 801 - Storage Base 802 – Battery 803 – Li-ion Battery String 1 String 2 … String N 804 – Li-ion Battery String (String #1) Module 1 Module 2 … Module N 804 – Li-ion Battery String (String #2) Module 1 Module 2 … Module N … 804 – Li-ion Battery String (String #N) Module 1 Module 2 … Module N -> continued 805 – Li-ion Battery Module (String #1, Module #1) Cell 1 Cell 2 … Cell N 805 – Li-ion Battery Module (String #1, Module #2) Cell 1 Cell 2 … Cell N 805 – Li-ion Battery Module (String #2, Module #1) Cell 1 Cell 2 … Cell N 805 – Li-ion Battery Module (String #2, Module #2) Cell 1 Cell 2 … Cell N … 805 – Li-ion Battery Module (String #N, Module #1) Cell 1 Cell 2 … Cell N 805 – Li-ion Battery Module (String #N, Module #2) Cell 1 Cell 2 … Cell N Terminator

Example #4: Simple Flow Battery Common Model 801 - Storage Base 802 – Battery 811 – Flow Battery String DC Battery 1 DC Battery 2 … DC Battery N Terminator Note: Only Flow Battery String model 811 is implemented since most flow batteries today are implemented as a single string. Flow Battery Bank model (810) could be implemented, but it would largely be redundant, so it isn’t required.

Example #5: Detailed Flow Battery Common Model 801 - Storage Base 802 – Battery 811 – Flow Battery String DC Battery 1 DC Battery 2 … DC Battery N 812 – Flow Battery DC Battery (DC Battery #1) Stack 1 Stack 2 … Stack N 812 – Flow Battery DC Battery (DC Battery #2) Stack 1 Stack 2 … Stack N … 812 – Flow Battery DC Battery (DC Battery #N) Stack 1 Stack 2 … Stack N Terminator

Example #6: Future Flow Battery Common Model 801 - Storage Base 802 – Battery 810 – Flow Battery Bank String 1 String 2 … String N 811 – Flow Battery String (String #1) DC Battery 1 DC Battery 2 … DC Battery N 811 – Flow Battery String (String #2) DC Battery 1 DC Battery 2 … DC Battery N … 811 – Flow Battery String (String #N) DC Battery 1 DC Battery 2 … DC Battery N Terminator In this example where there are three flow battery strings connected in parallel, the 810 Battery Bank model is implemented to provide aggregation