Storage Fundamentals Network Topologies and Connectivity Options Ulla

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Storage Fundamentals Network Topologies and Connectivity Options Ulla Vest – vest@de. ibm. com IBM

Storage Fundamentals Network Topologies and Connectivity Options Ulla Vest – vest@de. ibm. com IBM TMCC Europe Executive Briefing Centers © 2006 IBM Corporation

Information Assets & Systems The Foundation for Information On Demand Information Assets & Systems

Information Assets & Systems The Foundation for Information On Demand Information Assets & Systems Infrastructure Management Retention & Lifecycle Management Business Continuity Resource Virtualization Systems Storage Servers Networking Storage Fundamentals | Network Topologies & Connectivity Options | January 2007

Server and Storage Connectivity Options LAN (TCP/IP Protocol) Internal Storage DAS – Direct Attaced

Server and Storage Connectivity Options LAN (TCP/IP Protocol) Internal Storage DAS – Direct Attaced Storage (TCP/IP Protocol) i. SCSI – SCSI over IP SAN LAN (FC Protocol) (TCP/IP Protocol) NAS – Network Attached Storage SAN – FC Storage Area Network Storage Fundamentals | Network Topologies & Connectivity Options | January 2007

Dedicated Storage – Internal or Direct Attached § Distributed servers and storage - separate

Dedicated Storage – Internal or Direct Attached § Distributed servers and storage - separate islands of information, separate storage management , storage/data ‘owned’ by one server Inefficient Use of Resources – more complex, higher Costs Storage Fundamentals | Network Topologies & Connectivity Options | January 2007

Consolidated Storage § § Ownership of storage resources is 'de-coupled' from servers Consolidated storage

Consolidated Storage § § Ownership of storage resources is 'de-coupled' from servers Consolidated storage systems, storage management, enterprise data High agility and efficiency - reduced complexity, lower costs Supports highly available, scalable, disaster tolerant enterprise solutions Consolidated Storage requires Network Approach Storage Fundamentals | Network Topologies & Connectivity Options | January 2007

Reduced Cost through Networked Storage § $ per megabyte of user data 3 -Year

Reduced Cost through Networked Storage § $ per megabyte of user data 3 -Year TCO • Based on 2 TB of user data § Cost savings of SAN / NAS driven by: • Improved disk utilisation • Improved availability of enterprise information • Tape drive consolidation • Centralized management Storage Fundamentals | Network Topologies & Connectivity Options | January 2007

SAN - Storage Area Network (Fibre Channel based) § Servers ‘see’ local disks (or

SAN - Storage Area Network (Fibre Channel based) § Servers ‘see’ local disks (or tape drives) § SAN performs ‘Block I/O’: direct access to assumed disk sectors § SCSI commands, filesystem-unspecific Fibre Channel A dedicated Network Infrastructure for Data Traffic, designed for highest Performance, Availability, and Scale Storage Fundamentals | Network Topologies & Connectivity Options | January 2007

What is Fibre Channel? § SCSI-3 based serial interface technology enabling SANs • High

What is Fibre Channel? § SCSI-3 based serial interface technology enabling SANs • High bandwidth - 100 -400 MB/s per link, 3200 MB/s ISL Trunking • Up to 10 km link distance supported (more with extenders) • Large, scalable configurations, hot plugging, reconfiguration § Set of open standards for • • Media and physical interfaces - copper or fiber optical Data transmission, link services and signaling protocol Mapping of upper level protocols different command sets SCSI/FCP, HIPPI, ESCON, FICON, and also IP, IPI, ATM Common Transport System for multiple Protocols Storage Fundamentals | Network Topologies & Connectivity Options | January 2007

SCSI Bus vs Fibrechannel § Serial line solves bit-desynchronisation (skew) problem *80 km with

SCSI Bus vs Fibrechannel § Serial line solves bit-desynchronisation (skew) problem *80 km with special material Storage Fundamentals | Network Topologies & Connectivity Options | January 2007

Fibre Channel – Why not TCP/IP? § Internet protocol (IP) is packet-oriented: • Each

Fibre Channel – Why not TCP/IP? § Internet protocol (IP) is packet-oriented: • Each packet finds its own route through the network • Additional transmission control layer (TCP/IP) required; CPU load • Jams at high traffic rates § Fibrechannel is channel-oriented: • Packets are joined to sequences using one single route • Less routing overhead • Transmission control built-in, no CPU load Storage Fundamentals | Network Topologies & Connectivity Options | January 2007

Fibre Channel Topologies § Point-to-Point • Direct connection • Full duplex operation § Loop

Fibre Channel Topologies § Point-to-Point • Direct connection • Full duplex operation § Loop • • Shared loop - up to 127 nodes Shared bandwidth Half duplex operation Loop arbitration & loop initialization Hub FC loop § Switched • • Up to 16 M nodes in a domain Allows multiple concurrent connections Full bandwidth between any two ports Full duplex operation Storage Fundamentals | Network Topologies & Connectivity Options | January 2007 Switch

Mission Critical Topologies § Two HBAs in parallel plus multipathing software § Two Loops

Mission Critical Topologies § Two HBAs in parallel plus multipathing software § Two Loops in parallel, two switches in parallel or high available, redundant core switches or directors Hub Switch Director Loop protocol Storage Fundamentals | Network Topologies & Connectivity Options | January 2007 Fabric protocol

Restricting Access with Zoning § Zoning is a switch feature to increase security and

Restricting Access with Zoning § Zoning is a switch feature to increase security and restrict access zones can overlap and are based on WWN or port § Proper isolation of devices that do not support LUN masking WWN = World Wide Name Storage Fundamentals | Network Topologies & Connectivity Options | January 2007

FC SAN Benefits § Distance, performance & addressability § Data is more accessible &

FC SAN Benefits § Distance, performance & addressability § Data is more accessible & more available § More efficient use of storage resources § Improved management of TBs of data § Increased business flexibility § Optimized enterprise backup procedures Information used to belong to the server – now it belongs to the Enterprise Provides the flexible Infrastructure required for an on demand Storage Environment Storage Fundamentals | Network Topologies & Connectivity Options | January 2007

IBM SAN Suppliers IBM Total. Storage SAN b-type IBM Total. Storage m-type (Brocade OEM)

IBM SAN Suppliers IBM Total. Storage SAN b-type IBM Total. Storage m-type (Brocade OEM) (Mc. DATA OEM) Cisco MDS Multilayer Director / Fabric Switch Family (IBM Resale) Portfolio Consolidation Storage Fundamentals | Network Topologies & Connectivity Options | January 2007

IBM System Storage SAN Family Entry-level fabric switches IBM SAN 16 B-2 Mid-range fabric

IBM System Storage SAN Family Entry-level fabric switches IBM SAN 16 B-2 Mid-range fabric switches IBM SAN 16 M-2 Cisco MDS 9020 ÍBM SAN 10 Q-2 IBM SAN 32 B-2 IBM SAN 32 M-2 IBM SAN 64 B-2 Cisco MDS 9216 i Enterprise-class directors IBM SAN 256 B Cisco MDS 9506 / 9509 / 9513 Storage Fundamentals | Network Topologies & Connectivity Options | January 2007 IBM SAN 140 M / 256 M

NAS - Network Attached Storage § Clients 'see' file system § NAS performs 'File

NAS - Network Attached Storage § Clients 'see' file system § NAS performs 'File I/O': file level acces § Multiple network file access protocols, filesystem specific An optimized IP Storage Device for File Sharing Storage Fundamentals | Network Topologies & Connectivity Options | January 2007

Should I use SAN or NAS? § SAN üif attaching databases or running applications

Should I use SAN or NAS? § SAN üif attaching databases or running applications that require "their" disks х NAS causes more CPU overhead (TCP) here and saturates transmission lines earlier (Ethernet) § NAS üif sharing files or working with user access rights (=file server) х SAN disk content typically cannot be shared, except in clusters § SAN with NAS Gateway access üif sharing files and running databases in one environment Storage Fundamentals | Network Topologies & Connectivity Options | January 2007

i. SCSI – SCSI over IP § SCSI commands encapsulated in TCP/IP § Clients

i. SCSI – SCSI over IP § SCSI commands encapsulated in TCP/IP § Clients 'see' local disks (special software drivers required) § i. SCSI performs 'Block I/O': direct access to assumed disk sectors Storage Area Network (SAN) over Ethernet Storage Fundamentals | Network Topologies & Connectivity Options | January 2007

i. SCSI Target Fields § "Outside the datacenter" § Server islands without Fibrechannel access

i. SCSI Target Fields § "Outside the datacenter" § Server islands without Fibrechannel access • Use i. SCSI router to make SAN storage available to non-FC servers § Where GB-Ethernet backbones exist • Consider a separate Ethernet "SAN" for high duty servers § For applications needing raw disk access • File-oriented applications are fine with NAS • Applications optimized for disk access should use i. SCSI Storage Fundamentals | Network Topologies & Connectivity Options | January 2007

i. SCSI comes – Fibrechannel goes? § i. SCSI uses economic LAN technology §

i. SCSI comes – Fibrechannel goes? § i. SCSI uses economic LAN technology § No additional administrator skills (Fibrechannel) needed § Integrated i. SCSI adapters (e. g. Adaptec) § IBM, Cisco, Microsoft, +. . . determination § Higher CPU & bandwidth overhead § But: No CPU overhead when using i. SCSI adapters § Fibrechannel has still best network utilization at same clock rate § Fewer supported clients (yet) § Later technology, less gimmicks Storage Fundamentals | Network Topologies & Connectivity Options | January 2007

Storage Networking Options NAS ‚Appliance‘ i. SCSI ‚Appliance‘ LAN (TCP/IP Protocol) NAS Gateway i.

Storage Networking Options NAS ‚Appliance‘ i. SCSI ‚Appliance‘ LAN (TCP/IP Protocol) NAS Gateway i. SCSI Gateway SAN (FC Protocol) Storage Pool Storage Fundamentals | Network Topologies & Connectivity Options | January 2007