Steven Englebretson ABB Corporate Research NISTDOE HMDDMFEPE Workshop

Steven Englebretson, ABB Corporate Research / NIST/DOE HMDDM&FEPE Workshop, September 4, 2014 Mechanical/Drive System Integration High Megawatt Direct Drive Motors © ABB Month DD, YYYY | Slide 1

ABB North America Footprint Calgary Vancouver Jonquière Montreal NAM REGION Region Headquarters New Berlin Country Headquarters Aurora Cary Raleigh Camarillo Fort Smith Phoenix Sugarland San Luis Potosí Mexico City Group | Slide 2 2 20, 2021 | Slide §February Hackettstown Mountain View Sunnyvale Houston §©©ABB Windsor Pittsburgh St Louis Santa Clara Engineering/ Research & Development/ Major Offices Wickliffe Cleveland Westerville Boulder Memphis Atlanta Greenville

ABB North America Footprint Edmonton Calgary Winnipeg Saanichton NAM REGION Saint Jean Quebec City Saint Claire St Laurent Varennes Montreal Lachine Iberville St Remi Pointe Claire Hager City Manufacturin g/ Assembly Facilities New Berlin Scarborough Whitby Stratford Brampton Burlington Stratford Auburn Hills Mercer Wickliffe St Louis Jefferson City San Jose Lewisburg Bland Albuquerque Phoenix Bartlesville Claremore Westville Fort Smith Rogersville Portland Clarksville Athens, TN Alamo Memphis Houston Monterrey Gadsden Ozark Jonesboro Birmingham South Haven Gainesville Prairieville Columbus Crystal Springs San Luis Potosí Jalisco Veracruz §©©ABB Group | Slide 3 3 20, 2021 | Slide §February Hackettstown Westerville Mt Pleasant Warminster Richmond South Boston Hickory Pinetops Marion Asheville Huntersville Kings Mountain Clio Florence Greenville Belton Athens, GA Ormond Beach Lake Mary Coral Springs Vega Baja

Market Outlook © ABB Month DD, YYYY § Thousands of new Oil& Gas compressor and pump installations each year § More than 30% with variable frequency drive and motor § Mostly gas turbine driven § Hydraulic couplings or geared motors also alternatives | Slide 4 (ABB PA OGP A&ES & Politectinco di Milano DEI 2012)

System Integration Possibilities and Benefits Any combination of two or more: § Variable Speed Drive § Motor § Compressor or other load § Bearings Enabling: © ABB Month DD, YYYY § Joint design and system optimization § Footprint reduction § Minimize cabling and interconnection § Common cooling strategies § Simplifies purchasing, installation, commissioning, control… | Slide 5

Integrated Systems: Learning from other spaces § Example: Wind, Traction, Ships © ABB | Slide 6

High Megawatt Direct Drive Motors Potential System Advantages © ABB Month DD, YYYY | Slide 7 § Increased reliability, reduced maintenance § Increased efficiency (total system, part load, and starting) § Reduced environmental impact (oil, exhaust, noise) § Improved flexibility and control

High Megawatt Direct Drive Motors Electromagnetic Issues § Stator § § Insulation § § High d. V/dt from drive switching frequency Losses § © ABB Month DD, YYYY High speed, few turns, low inductance | Slide 8 Core loss increasing with frequency

High Megawatt Direct Drive Motors Thermal Issues © ABB Month DD, YYYY § High power density § Stator or rotor conductor loss § Insulation temperature and lifespan § Magnet temperature § Thermal expansion and cycling (Kolondzovski et al. , Aalto University, 2010) | Slide 9

High Megawatt Direct Drive Motors Mechanical Considerations © ABB Month DD, YYYY § Centrifugal forces, rotor retainment, and structural integrity § Friction and windage losses § Mechanical resonance, balance vibration and oscillations | Slide 10 (Ahrens and Kuemmlee, IEEE IA Magazine 2008)