Stepwise International Migration Focus on Filipinos Anju Mary

Stepwise International Migration Focus on Filipinos - Anju Mary Paul 20114 th Sept – International Migration School of Business Economics and Law Pauline Cayzac

Contents • Definition • Focus on the Philippines • Consequences • Reason of this migration • Limits and barriers • Expectations vs Reality • Key of success and results • Conclusion

Hi ! I’m Danielo, I will explain you the article trough my history

Stepwise Migration – What is it? • Start 19 th century • Step by step (Conway, 1980) • Evolution of the definition : 1. Moving from rural to urban areas 2. International context : rural urban other country(final step) = logical state of mind

Philippine Migration • Why is it interesting ? - Ideal case by its number of migrants - Always more migrants - 2008 1. 2 millions Filipinos migrated to 200 countries (mostly Saudi Arabia, 35%) Why so much ? - US and Spain colonialism - “Manpower export policy” - 1970 s President Marcos What for ? - Mainly domestic services and construction

Consequences • Culture of migration • Accredited recruitment agency with fees • Host Middle East countries : facilitate short term but not permanent stay • Western nation : more generous, possibilities after few years + better paid

What is attractive with stepwise migration ? • Wages • Working conditions • Living conditions • Religion (ex : Italy - Christianism)

Limits and Barriers to migration • Fees • Visa • Immigration policies

Ideal and Disconnections Ideal Canada Western countries 1. 2. 3. 4. • Living + Working conditions • Hierarchy (respect and rights) US Canada Spain Italy Hong Kong Taiwan Singapore Malaysia Brunei Dubai Saudi Arabia Reality Disconnections • Fees Visa Laws • Belief : not enough qualified 1. Hong Koweit 2. Saudi Arabia UAE Quatar 3. Singapore Italy

Key of success… Accumulation of capital - Human : qualification - Financial : fees - Social : diaspora, culture, models … and results Not having a family (more money) To cope with stress and challenge An half reach a more ideal country (but not THE one) Differents successful routes : 1 Philippines Saudi Arabia HK Canada 2 Philippines Saudi Arabia Italy 3 Philippines Saudi Arabia Iraq USA

• Step by Step, evolution of definition • More stepwise migrants • Many attempt = Logical strategy • Open but restriction • Disconnections with expectations • Logical but unsecured job (only 4/30 on the participant have a secured job) • Keys of succes • A challenging study : not easy to identify stepwise migrants / veracity of interview / culture distance / not palways planned • Not only Filipinos / domestic workers Conclusion

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