Stepping Stones to Ubiquitous Connectivity Jason Hill 9162020
Stepping Stones to Ubiquitous Connectivity Jason Hill 9/16/2020 ISRG Retreat Winter 2000 1
The Wireless IP Vision l The key enabling technology of the future is a universal, wireless, digital communication standard 9/16/2020 ISRG Retreat Winter 2000 2
The Wireless IP Vision (cont. ) l Enable cost effective internet connectivity to portable devices l Have an ultra low power communication infrastructure l Support automatic device detection l Provide environment where all devices can interoperate 9/16/2020 ISRG Retreat Winter 2000 3
Wouldn’t it be nice if… AT THE AIRPORT: Gate Information Ticketing/Payment Rental Car Check-in Departure Times Stores/Restaurants Ground Transportation Arrivals Maps Baggage Location THE INTERNET 9/16/2020 ISRG Retreat Winter 2000 4
AT THE MALL: Search by Product Sales Payments Stores Restaurants -- Menus Coupons Maps Movies -- Reviews Parking THE INTERNET 9/16/2020 ISRG Retreat Winter 2000 5
AT THE OFFICE: Maps Meeting Schedule Meeting Scheduling Supplies Contact Databases Announcements Urgent Messages E-mail Presentation Notes Inventory Co-worker location Resource Tracking THE INTERNET 9/16/2020 ISRG Retreat Winter 2000 6
Taking Ninja to the next level l Many current ninja services assume the existence of connectivity – Universal Messaging, Ninja Mail, Security Infrastructure l Attempts at using existing technology have failed l Wireless connectivity is essential for ninja unit development 9/16/2020 ISRG Retreat Winter 2000 7
Attempted mobile ninja units l What has been tried… – IR Connection points throughout soda hall – Assembly of multiple wired access points Both failed because of bad connection models l System must require zero configuration and have automatic connection protocols l 9/16/2020 ISRG Retreat Winter 2000 8
Requirements for Ubiquitous Connectivity l Zero configuration required – automatic connection protocols l Low power l Accept holes in coverage l Incorporate “mobile IP” style routing l Scale for device requirements l Based on open standard & broadly adoptable 9/16/2020 ISRG Retreat Winter 2000 9
Related Technologies l Hasn’t someone else solved this problem? – Bluetooth • Wireless standard for 1 Mbps portable networking – Symbol Spectrum One • Proprietary radio network designed for portable inventory control terminals – CDPD (Cellular Digital Packet Data) • Cellular based point to point data communication protocol (Palm VII and Sprint Wireless Web) – Wireless Ethernet (802. 11) – Home RF (Modified 802. 11) 9/16/2020 ISRG Retreat Winter 2000 10
Major Shortcomings l Power l Inability to support large numbers of devices l Inability to withstand holes in coverage l Lack of developmental progress 9/16/2020 ISRG Retreat Winter 2000 11
Eliminate the “Virtual Wire” l Many wireless solutions attempt to create a Wireless wire l Can’t hide wireless characteristics from protocol and application layers – intermittent connectivity l Doesn’t allow for protocol to be optimized for communication costs 9/16/2020 ISRG Retreat Winter 2000 12
TCP/IP is not optimal for wireless devices l TCP/IP requires continuous end to end connectivity l Instead use optimized protocol over wireless links l Use Ninja Active Proxies to bridge between wireless protocols and IP to achieve internet connectivity l Provide the illusion of IP 9/16/2020 ISRG Retreat Winter 2000 13
Use the power of a connected surrogate l Enable data to be queued on behalf of low power clients – Allows ultra low power radio protocols Use to seamlessly route data to a device while the devices is mobile l Use to give appearance of continuous connectivity l – Wireless sensors l Perform data transformations (encryption & compression) 9/16/2020 ISRG Retreat Winter 2000 14
Exploratory Project l Semester project to reduce the power consumption of networking for Palm Pilot l Replace generic IP over PPP connection with a low power protocol l Use an infrastructure based active proxy to convert to IP 9/16/2020 ISRG Retreat Winter 2000 15
Low power protocol Have device aggressively turn off interface to reduce power consumption l Have device poll to receive data l Let device determine when communication is necessary l Endpoint of TCP/IP connection moved to the Proxy l – Allows device to appear connected continuously 9/16/2020 ISRG Retreat Winter 2000 16
We use Active Proxy to: Queue data sent to client while network interface is disabled l Allow device to disable the networking interface between periods of communication l Perform data compression to limit number of bits transmitted l Interne t 9/16/2020 TCP/IP Active Proxy ISRG Retreat Winter 2000 Serial IP Client 17
Yield… Web Mail Downloads Overall Savings 22. 06% 22. 44% 19. 98% Network Savings 90. 64% 75. 87% 9/16/2020 85. 61% ISRG Retreat Winter 2000 18
Design Beliefs Must disable networking interface whenever possible l Protocol must not dictate minimum power consumption l – Protocol must allow interface to be disabled while logical connections are active Should harness power of connected surrogates l Use Inter-Base stations communication to help orchestrate communications l 9/16/2020 ISRG Retreat Winter 2000 19
Possible Design Master Controller Internet IP IP AP Base 1 AP Base 2 WIP Client 9/16/2020 ISRG Retreat Winter 2000 20
Key questions to be answered… l What is the correct radio technology l What protocol will be most power efficient for clients l How do we do automatic federation (devices joining and leaving automatically) l Correct Active Proxy architecture 9/16/2020 ISRG Retreat Winter 2000 21
The Future is Ubiquitous Connectivity Jason Hill 9/16/2020 ISRG Retreat Winter 2000 22
Following slides give more detailed information on related technologies 9/16/2020 ISRG Retreat Winter 2000 23
Bluetooth l Where is it? – Bluetooth was started in 1998 – While 1300 companies are participating in the specification, there are only a handful of products on the market. l Strengths – Broad membership 9/16/2020 ISRG Retreat Winter 2000 24
Bluetooth (cont. ) l Weaknesses – Large emphasis on real time applications resulting in increased complexity (voice) – Maximum of 8 nodes per piconet – Requires piconet master – Clients must be continuously listening to stay synchronized with master clock 9/16/2020 ISRG Retreat Winter 2000 25
Symbol Spectrum One l Actually deployed and successful. (over 10, 000 installations) l Base stations communicate amongst each other l Designed to operate with a set of preconfigured clients l Low bandwidth < 1 Mbps l Client server model 9/16/2020 ISRG Retreat Winter 2000 26
CDPD l Uses analog cellular telephone network l Point to point l Cost l Energy Consumption 9/16/2020 ISRG Retreat Winter 2000 27
802. 11 (Wireless Ethernet) – High Power • Wavelan PCMCIA Cards consume 180 m. W in sleep mode and 1300 m. W idle • Cannot Completely disable network interface for low power standby • Protocol dictates minimum power consumption of devices – Cost • Baystack cards are $400+ 9/16/2020 ISRG Retreat Winter 2000 28
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