Stem Spelling Changing Verbs StemChanging Verbs n Stemchanging

Stem & Spelling Changing Verbs

Stem-Changing Verbs n Stem-changing Verbs have the same endings as regular verbs. n In the present tense, however, their stems change in all forms except nosotros and vosotros forms. n These verbs are commonly referred to as “boot verbs. ”

Stem-Changing Verbs There are some –ar, -er, & -ir verbs that have a stem change of e ie in the boot. n These verbs are: n cerrar – to close n comenzar – to begin n empezar – to begin n

Stem-Changing Verbs encender – to turn on n entender – to understand n nevar – to snow n pensar – to think, to plan n perder – to lose n preferir – to prefer n querer – to want n

Stem-Changing Verbs recomendar – to recommend n sugerir – to suggest n

comenzar – to begin (e ie) comienzo comenzamos comienzas comenzáis comienzan

Stem-Changing Verbs There are some –ar, -er, & -ir verbs that have a stem change of o ue in the boot. n These verbs are: n almorzar – to eat lunch n contar – to count n costar – to cost n

Stem-Changing Verbs devolver – to return (something) n dormir – to sleep n encontrar – to find n jugar (u ue) – to play n llover – to rain n morir – to die n

Stem-Changing Verbs n mover – to move n poder – to be able to (“can”) n probar – to taste, to try n recordar – to remember n soñar (con)– to dream about n volar – to fly n volver – to return, come back

dormir – to sleep (o ue) duermo dormimos duermes dormís duermen

Stem-Changing Verbs There are some -ir verbs that have a stem change of e i in the boot. n These verbs are: n pedir – to ask for n reír – to laugh n repetir – to repeat n

Stem-Changing Verbs seguir – to continue, follow n corregir – to correct n elegir – to choose, elect n sonreír – to smile n

pedir – to ask for (e i) pido pedimos pides pedís piden

reír – to laugh (e í) río reímos ríes reís ríen

elegir – to choose, to elect e i (g j) elijo elegimos eliges elegís eligen

Spelling-Changing Verbs There also some verbs in Spanish that have a spelling change in “the boot. ” n These changes usually occur for pronunciation reasons. n

Spelling-Changing Verbs • Most verbs that end in “-iar” have a written accent mark on the final vowel of the stem (the “i”). • The following verbs have a spelling change of i í in “the boot. ” • esquiar – to ski • enviar – to send

esquiar – to ski (i í) esquío esquiamos esquías esquiáis esquían

Spelling-Changing Verbs • Most verbs that end in “-uar” have a written accent mark on the final vowel of the stem (the “u”). • The following verbs have a spelling change of u ú in “the boot. ” • actuar – to act • continuar – to continue

actuar – to act (u ú) actúo actuamos actúas actuáis actúan

Spelling-Changing Verbs • Most verbs that end in “-uir” have an added “y” inside of the boot. • • incluir – to include • influir- to influence • destruir – to destroy

incluir – to include (add a “y”) incluyo incluimos incluyes incluís incluyen