Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Outline of Presentation
- Slides: 40
Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine
Outline of Presentation • • What is stem cell research? What are the different types of stem cells? Fertilization and embryonic development What makes stem cells unique? How do we culture stem cells? What are examples of future stem cell therapies? Conclusion and future directions
What is stem cell research? • Understand more about development, aging, disease – Experimental model systems • Prevent or treat diseases and injuries – Cell-based therapies – Pharmaceutical development • Includes testing and drug delivery
Trachea transplantation: Example of stem cell-based tissue regeneration
Outline of Presentation • • What is stem cell research? What are the different types of stem cells? Fertilization and embryonic development What makes stem cells unique? How do we culture stem cells? What are examples of future stem cell therapies? Conclusion and future directions
This cell Can form the Embryo and placenta This cell Can form the embryo Totipotent Pluripotent Fully mature
Induced Pluripotent Stem (i. PS) Cells Genetically engineering new stem cells Skin cells i. PS cells
Outline of Presentation • • What is stem cell research? What are the different types of stem cells? Fertilization and embryonic development What makes stem cells unique? How do we culture stem cells? What are examples of future stem cell therapies? Conclusion and future directions
Conception in a dish Day 1 In the IVF procedure, sperm and eggs “interact” in a dish leading to insemination. They literally swim up to the egg and burrow toward the nucleus. The first one to get there wins, and all others are blocked out. Male fertility issue: Sometimes sperm cannot latch onto and penetrate the egg. They may choose to have Intra(within)-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)
Intra-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection
Intra-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection Day 1
Day 1
Day 2
Day 2
Day 3
Day 4
Day 5 Embryonic Stem Cells
At what point is this a fetus? • Days 7 -14: Uterine implantation • Day 14: Three distinct layers begin to form (no more pluripotent stem cells) • Days 14 -21: Beginning of future nervous system • Days 21 -24: Beginning of future face, neck, mouth, and nose • Weeks 3 -8: Beginning of organ formation This picture is Week 5 • Week 5 -8+: Now it’s called a fetus (no consensus on a single timepoint)
Embryonic Development: Fish model Keller et al. 2008
Outline of Presentation • • What is stem cell research? What are the different types of stem cells? Fertilization and embryonic development What makes stem cells unique? How do we culture stem cells? What are examples of future stem cell therapies? Conclusion and future directions
Symmetric cell division
Asymmetric cell division 1. Self-renews 2. Differentiates Progenitor cell Stem cell
N O I T N TIO IA T N F DI RE E F SELF – RENEWAL E IA T N DI F R FE
Outline of Presentation • • What is stem cell research? What are the different types of stem cells? Fertilization and embryonic development What makes stem cells unique? How do we culture stem cells? What are examples of future stem cell therapies? Conclusion and future directions
Signals to Stem Cells Matrix Molecules Self-Renewal Soluble Factors Other Cells Differentiation Little, et al. Chemical Reviews (2008).
Embryonic stem cells in the dish: How do we culture ES cells?
Culture methods Yellow Red 7. 0 - Neutral p. H 6. 8 – slightly acidic 8. 4 – slightly basic
Fluorescent imaging of embryonic stem cell colonies.
Outline of Presentation • • What is stem cell research? What are the different types of stem cells? Fertilization and embryonic development What makes stem cells unique? How do we culture stem cells? What are examples of future stem cell therapies? Conclusion and future directions
Spinal cord injury: Example of embryonic stem cell-based therapy Geron video: http: //www. geron. com/grnopc 1 clearance/
Stem cells for drug delivery More focused delivery, fewer side affects Day 0 Day 7 Day 14 NSCs injected (no tumor) NSCs injected (tumor) Shah et al. Dev Neurosci 2004
Outline of Presentation • • What is stem cell research? What are the different types of stem cells? Fertilization and embryonic development What makes stem cells unique? How do we culture stem cells? What are examples of future stem cell therapies? Conclusion and future directions
Why do researchers want to use embryonic stem cells along with other technologies? • Pluripotent – Expanded developmental potential allows them to be used in ways that adult stem cells cannot • Can proliferate indefinitely in culture • Easier to obtain than adult stem cells
Science is discovering the unknown • Stem cell field is still in its infancy • Human embryonic stem cell research is a decade old, adult stem cell research has 30 -year head start • Holds hope for curing or improving treatments for 70+ diseases How can you help to shape the direction of this field?
Take our survey please! Students: https: //www. surveymonkey. com/s/stemcell 2010 Teacher: https: //www. surveymonkey. com/s/stemcellteach 2010
If enough time! • Continue on to talk about chemical engineering.
Chemical engineering • Cells can be grown in 2 D or 3 D • Some chemical engineers find new surfaces to grow cells on/in that promote proliferation or differentiation
Interpenetrating Polymer Network Bsp-RGD (15) Free radical polymerization Saha, K et al. J Biomed Mater Res A. (2007) Harbers, G. M. , et. al. Langmuir. (2005) Bearinger, JP et al. , J. Biomat. Sci. Polym. Ed. (1998)
Selecting for adhesion molecules • Grow Bacteria having adhesion molecules + stem cells • Wash away non-adherent bacteria • Identify the molecules that stuck Bacterium Stem Cell Bacterium
Stem cell Free radical polymerization Stem cell
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- Masses of cells form and steal nutrients from healthy cells
- Where can scientists obtain stem cells? *
- Pluripotent stem cells examples
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- Haploid and diploid venn diagram
- Somatic vs germ cells
- Prokaryotes vs eukaryotes
- Prokaryotic cells vs eukaryotic cells
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- Are red blood cells prokaryotic or eukaryotic
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