Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Outline of Presentation

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Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

Outline of Presentation • • What is stem cell research? What are the different

Outline of Presentation • • What is stem cell research? What are the different types of stem cells? Fertilization and embryonic development What makes stem cells unique? How do we culture stem cells? What are examples of future stem cell therapies? Conclusion and future directions

What is stem cell research? • Understand more about development, aging, disease – Experimental

What is stem cell research? • Understand more about development, aging, disease – Experimental model systems • Prevent or treat diseases and injuries – Cell-based therapies – Pharmaceutical development • Includes testing and drug delivery

Trachea transplantation: Example of stem cell-based tissue regeneration

Trachea transplantation: Example of stem cell-based tissue regeneration

Outline of Presentation • • What is stem cell research? What are the different

Outline of Presentation • • What is stem cell research? What are the different types of stem cells? Fertilization and embryonic development What makes stem cells unique? How do we culture stem cells? What are examples of future stem cell therapies? Conclusion and future directions

This cell Can form the Embryo and placenta This cell Can form the embryo

This cell Can form the Embryo and placenta This cell Can form the embryo Totipotent Pluripotent Fully mature

Induced Pluripotent Stem (i. PS) Cells Genetically engineering new stem cells Skin cells i.

Induced Pluripotent Stem (i. PS) Cells Genetically engineering new stem cells Skin cells i. PS cells

Outline of Presentation • • What is stem cell research? What are the different

Outline of Presentation • • What is stem cell research? What are the different types of stem cells? Fertilization and embryonic development What makes stem cells unique? How do we culture stem cells? What are examples of future stem cell therapies? Conclusion and future directions

Conception in a dish Day 1 In the IVF procedure, sperm and eggs “interact”

Conception in a dish Day 1 In the IVF procedure, sperm and eggs “interact” in a dish leading to insemination. They literally swim up to the egg and burrow toward the nucleus. The first one to get there wins, and all others are blocked out. Male fertility issue: Sometimes sperm cannot latch onto and penetrate the egg. They may choose to have Intra(within)-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)

Intra-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection

Intra-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection

Intra-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection Day 1

Intra-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection Day 1

Day 1

Day 1

Day 2

Day 2

Day 2

Day 2

Day 3

Day 3

Day 4

Day 4

Day 5 Embryonic Stem Cells

Day 5 Embryonic Stem Cells

At what point is this a fetus? • Days 7 -14: Uterine implantation •

At what point is this a fetus? • Days 7 -14: Uterine implantation • Day 14: Three distinct layers begin to form (no more pluripotent stem cells) • Days 14 -21: Beginning of future nervous system • Days 21 -24: Beginning of future face, neck, mouth, and nose • Weeks 3 -8: Beginning of organ formation This picture is Week 5 • Week 5 -8+: Now it’s called a fetus (no consensus on a single timepoint)

Embryonic Development: Fish model Keller et al. 2008

Embryonic Development: Fish model Keller et al. 2008

Outline of Presentation • • What is stem cell research? What are the different

Outline of Presentation • • What is stem cell research? What are the different types of stem cells? Fertilization and embryonic development What makes stem cells unique? How do we culture stem cells? What are examples of future stem cell therapies? Conclusion and future directions

Symmetric cell division

Symmetric cell division

Asymmetric cell division 1. Self-renews 2. Differentiates Progenitor cell Stem cell

Asymmetric cell division 1. Self-renews 2. Differentiates Progenitor cell Stem cell

N O I T N TIO IA T N F DI RE E F

N O I T N TIO IA T N F DI RE E F SELF – RENEWAL E IA T N DI F R FE

Outline of Presentation • • What is stem cell research? What are the different

Outline of Presentation • • What is stem cell research? What are the different types of stem cells? Fertilization and embryonic development What makes stem cells unique? How do we culture stem cells? What are examples of future stem cell therapies? Conclusion and future directions

Signals to Stem Cells Matrix Molecules Self-Renewal Soluble Factors Other Cells Differentiation Little, et

Signals to Stem Cells Matrix Molecules Self-Renewal Soluble Factors Other Cells Differentiation Little, et al. Chemical Reviews (2008).

Embryonic stem cells in the dish: How do we culture ES cells?

Embryonic stem cells in the dish: How do we culture ES cells?

Culture methods Yellow Red 7. 0 - Neutral p. H 6. 8 – slightly

Culture methods Yellow Red 7. 0 - Neutral p. H 6. 8 – slightly acidic 8. 4 – slightly basic

Fluorescent imaging of embryonic stem cell colonies.

Fluorescent imaging of embryonic stem cell colonies.

Outline of Presentation • • What is stem cell research? What are the different

Outline of Presentation • • What is stem cell research? What are the different types of stem cells? Fertilization and embryonic development What makes stem cells unique? How do we culture stem cells? What are examples of future stem cell therapies? Conclusion and future directions

Spinal cord injury: Example of embryonic stem cell-based therapy Geron video: http: //www. geron.

Spinal cord injury: Example of embryonic stem cell-based therapy Geron video: http: //www. geron. com/grnopc 1 clearance/

Stem cells for drug delivery More focused delivery, fewer side affects Day 0 Day

Stem cells for drug delivery More focused delivery, fewer side affects Day 0 Day 7 Day 14 NSCs injected (no tumor) NSCs injected (tumor) Shah et al. Dev Neurosci 2004

Outline of Presentation • • What is stem cell research? What are the different

Outline of Presentation • • What is stem cell research? What are the different types of stem cells? Fertilization and embryonic development What makes stem cells unique? How do we culture stem cells? What are examples of future stem cell therapies? Conclusion and future directions

Why do researchers want to use embryonic stem cells along with other technologies? •

Why do researchers want to use embryonic stem cells along with other technologies? • Pluripotent – Expanded developmental potential allows them to be used in ways that adult stem cells cannot • Can proliferate indefinitely in culture • Easier to obtain than adult stem cells

Science is discovering the unknown • Stem cell field is still in its infancy

Science is discovering the unknown • Stem cell field is still in its infancy • Human embryonic stem cell research is a decade old, adult stem cell research has 30 -year head start • Holds hope for curing or improving treatments for 70+ diseases How can you help to shape the direction of this field?

Take our survey please! Students: https: //www. surveymonkey. com/s/stemcell 2010 Teacher: https: //www. surveymonkey.

Take our survey please! Students: https: //www. surveymonkey. com/s/stemcell 2010 Teacher: https: //www. surveymonkey. com/s/stemcellteach 2010

If enough time! • Continue on to talk about chemical engineering.

If enough time! • Continue on to talk about chemical engineering.

Chemical engineering • Cells can be grown in 2 D or 3 D •

Chemical engineering • Cells can be grown in 2 D or 3 D • Some chemical engineers find new surfaces to grow cells on/in that promote proliferation or differentiation

Interpenetrating Polymer Network Bsp-RGD (15) Free radical polymerization Saha, K et al. J Biomed

Interpenetrating Polymer Network Bsp-RGD (15) Free radical polymerization Saha, K et al. J Biomed Mater Res A. (2007) Harbers, G. M. , et. al. Langmuir. (2005) Bearinger, JP et al. , J. Biomat. Sci. Polym. Ed. (1998)

Selecting for adhesion molecules • Grow Bacteria having adhesion molecules + stem cells •

Selecting for adhesion molecules • Grow Bacteria having adhesion molecules + stem cells • Wash away non-adherent bacteria • Identify the molecules that stuck Bacterium Stem Cell Bacterium

Stem cell Free radical polymerization Stem cell

Stem cell Free radical polymerization Stem cell