Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Glowinthedark dogs What
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Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine
“Glow-in-the-dark” dogs!
What is stem cell research? • Understand more about development, aging, disease – Experimental model systems • Prevent or treat diseases and injuries – Cell-based therapies – Pharmaceutical development • Includes testing and drug delivery
Trachea transplantation: Example of adult stem cell-based tissue regeneration
Outline of Presentation Fertilization and embryonic development What makes stem cells unique? What are the different types of stem cells? What are examples of stem cell research, therapies, and technologies? • Conclusion and future directions • •
Conception in a dish Day 1 In the IVF procedure, sperm and eggs “interact” in a dish leading to insemination. They literally swim up to the egg and burrow toward the nucleus. The first one to get there wins, and all others are blocked out. Male fertility issue: Sometimes sperm cannot latch onto and penetrate the egg. They may choose to have Intra(within)-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)
Intra-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection
Intra-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection
Day 1
Day 2
Day 2
Day 3
Day 4
Day 5 Embryonic Stem Cells
At what point is this a fetus? • Days 7 -14: Uterine implantation • Day 14: Three distinct layers begin to form (no more pluripotent stem cells) • Days 14 -21: Beginning of future nervous system • Days 21 -24: Beginning of future face, neck, mouth, and nose • Weeks 3 -8: Beginning of organ formation This picture is Week 5 • Week 5 -8+: Now it’s called a fetus (no consensus on a single timepoint)
Embryonic Development: Fish embryo Keller et al. 2008
Outline of Presentation Fertilization and embryonic development What makes stem cells unique? What are the different types of stem cells? What are examples of stem cell research, therapies, and technologies? • Conclusion and future directions • •
Symmetric cell division
Asymmetric cell division 1. Self-renews 2. Differentiates Progenitor cell Stem cell
N O I T N TIO IA T N F DI RE E F SELF – RENEWAL E IA T N DI F R FE
Outline of Presentation Fertilization and embryonic development What makes stem cells unique? What are the different types of stem cells? What are examples of stem cell research, therapies, and technologies? • Conclusion and future directions • •
This cell Can form the Embryo and placenta This cell Can form the Embryo Totipotent Pluripotent Fully mature
Induced Pluripotent Stem (i. PS) Cells Genetically engineering new stem cells Skin cells i. PS cells
Pros and Cons to i. PS cell technology • Pros: – Cells would be genetically identical to patient or donor of skin cells (no immune rejection!) – Do not need to use an embryo • Cons: – Cells would still have genetic defects – One of the pluripotency genes is a cancer gene – Viruses might insert genes in places we don’t want them (causing mutations)
How do cells know what to become? All cells in a person have the same DNA Yet eye cells differ from nose cells Central dogma of biology Genetic engineering RNA DNA Niche factors Tissue therapy Protein Cell type
Signals to Stem Cells Matrix Molecules Self-Renewal Soluble Factors Other Cells Differentiation Little, et al. Chemical Reviews (2008).
Factors known to affect stem cells • • • Low stress levels Regular exercise Enriching experiences Learning new information Healthy diets: rich in antioxidants Avoid excessive drinking Helping you help yourself
Outline of Presentation Fertilization and embryonic development What makes stem cells unique? What are the different types of stem cells? What are examples of stem cell research, therapies, and technologies? • Conclusion and future directions • •
Experimental model system Heart muscle cells beating in a petri dish! Videos by The Exploratorium
Bone marrow transplant: Example of adult stem cell-based therapy
Spinal cord injury: Example of embryonic stem cell-based therapy Geron video: http: //www. geron. com/grnopc 1 clearance/
Outline of Presentation Fertilization and embryonic development What makes stem cells unique? What do stem cells look like? What are the different types of stem cells? What are examples of stem cell research, therapies, and technologies? • Conclusion and future directions • • •
Why do researchers want to use embryonic stem cells along with other technologies? • Pluripotent – Expanded developmental potential allows them to be used in ways that adult stem cells cannot • Can proliferate indefinitely in culture • Easier to obtain than adult stem cells
Science is discovering the unknown • Stem cell field is still in its infancy • Human embryonic stem cell research is a decade old, adult stem cell research has 30 -year head start • Holds hope for curing or improving treatments for 70+ diseases How can you help to shape the direction of this field?
Take our survey please! Students: https: //www. surveymonkey. com/s/stemcell 2010 Teacher: https: //www. surveymonkey. com/s/stemcellteach 2010
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT) Cloning of embryonic stem cells Udder cell Egg cell
Types of Cloning
- Regenerative medicine
- Anemie regenerative
- Aloe vera with mosqueta rose oil regenerative
- Regenerative nodules of liver
- Material
- Primary heat exchanger
- Regenerative type heat exchanger
- Regenerative braking ppt
- Cold plate design calculations
- Regenerative property of cmos inverter
- Plan de construction d'une porcherie en zone tropicale pdf
- Development of paranasal sinuses
- Chlorocruorin
- Comparing plant and animal cells venn diagram
- Masses of cells form and steal nutrients from healthy cells
- Where can scientists obtain stem cells? *
- Pluripotent stem cells examples
- Stem cells
- Conclusion of stem cells
- Cellpast
- Adult stem cells
- Branquire
- Biochemistry questions
- Outline one therapeutic use of stem cells
- Stem cells webquest
- Stem cells specialization
- Tubular lumen
- Parafollicular
- Somatic cells vs gametes
- Why dna is more stable than rna?
- Prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells
- Prokaryotic cells vs eukaryotic cells
- Organelle trail
- Pseudostratified vs simple columnar
- Are plant cells prokaryotic or eukaryotic
- Which organisms are prokaryotes
- Nondisjunction in meiosis
- Cells cells they're made of organelles meme