Stellar population properties of bulges Daniel Thomas MaxPlanckInstitut
![Stellar population properties of bulges Daniel Thomas Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Garching Stellar population Stellar population properties of bulges Daniel Thomas Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Garching Stellar population](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/cd5d7407eeaae8c1d735052ba34583e4/image-1.jpg)
Stellar population properties of bulges Daniel Thomas Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Garching Stellar population properties star formation episodes Current status in the literature Imaging, structural parameters, Fundamental Plane Absorption line index diagnostics Ages and element ratios along the Hubble sequence Continuity from elliptical galaxies to bulges? Fingerprints of secular evolution? Conclusions MPIA, November 2003 Daniel Thomas - The epoch of earlytype galaxy formation
![Review of Stellar population properties of bulges Daniel Thomas Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Garching Review of Stellar population properties of bulges Daniel Thomas Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Garching](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/cd5d7407eeaae8c1d735052ba34583e4/image-2.jpg)
Review of Stellar population properties of bulges Daniel Thomas Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Garching Stellar population properties star formation episodes Current status in the literature Imaging, structural parameters, Fundamental Plane Absorption line index diagnostics Ages and element ratios along the Hubble sequence Continuity from elliptical galaxies to bulges? Fingerprints of secular evolution? Conclusions MPIA, November 2003 Daniel Thomas - The epoch of earlytype galaxy formation
![Chemical enrichment Supernova Ia SNII Mg, Fe SNIa Fe Enrichment of Iron is delayed Chemical enrichment Supernova Ia SNII Mg, Fe SNIa Fe Enrichment of Iron is delayed](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/cd5d7407eeaae8c1d735052ba34583e4/image-3.jpg)
Chemical enrichment Supernova Ia SNII Mg, Fe SNIa Fe Enrichment of Iron is delayed Solar neighbourhood Thomas, Greggio, Bender 1998 Greggio & Renzini 1983 Venice, October 2003 Elliptical galaxies Thomas, Maraston, Bender 2002 Trager et al. 2000 Daniel Thomas - Ages and abundances of ellipticals
![New stellar population model Thomas, Maraston, Bender, 2003 a, MNRAS, 339, 897 ü Based New stellar population model Thomas, Maraston, Bender, 2003 a, MNRAS, 339, 897 ü Based](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/cd5d7407eeaae8c1d735052ba34583e4/image-4.jpg)
New stellar population model Thomas, Maraston, Bender, 2003 a, MNRAS, 339, 897 ü Based on Maraston (1998) Fuel consumption theorem (Renzini & Buzzoni 1986) ü Stellar atmosphere calculations (Tripicco & Bell 1995; Korn, Maraston, Thomas in prep. ) ü Extension of method introduced by Trager et al. (2000) üAbundance ratio effect “semi-theoretically” included ü www. mpe. mpg. de/~dthomas Calibration: Maraston, Greggio, Renzini et al. 2003, A&A Venice, October 2003 Daniel Thomas - Ages and abundances of ellipticals
![Courtesy: A. Korn Stellar model atmosphere calculations Tripicco & Bell 1995; Korn, Maraston, Thomas, Courtesy: A. Korn Stellar model atmosphere calculations Tripicco & Bell 1995; Korn, Maraston, Thomas,](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/cd5d7407eeaae8c1d735052ba34583e4/image-5.jpg)
Courtesy: A. Korn Stellar model atmosphere calculations Tripicco & Bell 1995; Korn, Maraston, Thomas, in preparation Venice, October 2003 Daniel Thomas - Ages and abundances of ellipticals
![Horizontal branch Morphology (Maraston & Thomas 2000) Venice, October 2003 Calibration Daniel Thomas - Horizontal branch Morphology (Maraston & Thomas 2000) Venice, October 2003 Calibration Daniel Thomas -](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/cd5d7407eeaae8c1d735052ba34583e4/image-6.jpg)
Horizontal branch Morphology (Maraston & Thomas 2000) Venice, October 2003 Calibration Daniel Thomas - Ages and abundances of ellipticals
![Stellar populations of bulges and disks ¨ α/Fe and age as tracer of star Stellar populations of bulges and disks ¨ α/Fe and age as tracer of star](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/cd5d7407eeaae8c1d735052ba34583e4/image-7.jpg)
Stellar populations of bulges and disks ¨ α/Fe and age as tracer of star formation secular evolution as star formation ¨ Bulge properties as function of spiral type bulge versus disk role of secular evolution ¨ Bulges versus elliptical galaxies are bulges small ellipticals? Venice, October 2003 Daniel Thomas - Ages and abundances of ellipticals
![Previous work (Imaging) Bulges in later type spirals have steeper color gradients and are Previous work (Imaging) Bulges in later type spirals have steeper color gradients and are](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/cd5d7407eeaae8c1d735052ba34583e4/image-8.jpg)
Previous work (Imaging) Bulges in later type spirals have steeper color gradients and are younger (optical/NIR color maps; Balcells & Peletier 1994; Peletier et al. 1999) Fainter bulges in later spirals have exponential profiles (WFPC 2 F 606 W; Carollo et al. 1998) Bulges of in later spirals more elongated (NICMOS H-band images; Fathi & Peletier 2003) Recent star formation in later-type bulges? Fingerprints of secular evolution? Venice, October 2003 Daniel Thomas - Ages and abundances of ellipticals
![Previous work (FP) Major sequence defined by ellipticals and bulges in κ-space, bulges below Previous work (FP) Major sequence defined by ellipticals and bulges in κ-space, bulges below](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/cd5d7407eeaae8c1d735052ba34583e4/image-9.jpg)
Previous work (FP) Major sequence defined by ellipticals and bulges in κ-space, bulges below the FP (Bender et al. 1992) Offset to FP more pronounced in bulges of late-type spirals (Falcón-Barroso et al. 2002) Flattened bulges in later-type spirals have shallower σ-profiles (Falcón-Barroso et al. 2003 b) Bulges in earlier type spirals old like ellipticals. Bulges in later type spirals younger secular evolution? Venice, October 2003 Daniel Thomas - Ages and abundances of ellipticals
![Previous work (absorption line indices) (Fisher et al. 1995; Idiart et al. 1996; Jablonka Previous work (absorption line indices) (Fisher et al. 1995; Idiart et al. 1996; Jablonka](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/cd5d7407eeaae8c1d735052ba34583e4/image-10.jpg)
Previous work (absorption line indices) (Fisher et al. 1995; Idiart et al. 1996; Jablonka et al. 1996; Casuso et al. 1996) Ca. T-σ like ellipticals (Saglia et al. 2002; Falcón-Barroso et al. 2003) “Negligible influence of disk material” Cases of low Mg/Fe + younger age (Bender & Paquet 1995; 1999) Secular evolution in S 0 s? Venice, October 2003 Daniel Thomas - Ages and abundances of ellipticals Jablonka et al. 1996 Bulges are Mg/Fe-enhanced like elliptical galaxies
![Current work (absorption line indices) ¨ Trager & Dalcanton (2001, AAS) “Determine metallicity and Current work (absorption line indices) ¨ Trager & Dalcanton (2001, AAS) “Determine metallicity and](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/cd5d7407eeaae8c1d735052ba34583e4/image-11.jpg)
Current work (absorption line indices) ¨ Trager & Dalcanton (2001, AAS) “Determine metallicity and age in order to follow the hypothesis that late-type bulges form from disk instabilities. ” Analysis and data unpublished ¨ Sauron collaboration + M. Carollo Venice, October 2003 Daniel Thomas - Ages and abundances of ellipticals
![Current work (absorption line indices) ¨ Gorgas, Jablonka, Goudfrooij (1999, 2002) 28 edge-on spirals, Current work (absorption line indices) ¨ Gorgas, Jablonka, Goudfrooij (1999, 2002) 28 edge-on spirals,](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/cd5d7407eeaae8c1d735052ba34583e4/image-12.jpg)
Current work (absorption line indices) ¨ Gorgas, Jablonka, Goudfrooij (1999, 2002) 28 edge-on spirals, 4 h per object on 4 m 4” off from center avoiding dust lanes, gradients up to > 1 Re Galaxy type from S 0 – Sc, wavelength range 3900 ≤ λ ≤ 5500 Å Ages and Mg/Fe ratios similar to ellipticals Index gradients independent of Hubble type “Less compatible with secular evolution model” Preliminary, qualitative data analysis Data unpublished Venice, October 2003 Daniel Thomas - Ages and abundances of ellipticals
![Current work (absorption line indices) ¨ Proctor & Sansom (2002, MNRAS) 32 objects (11 Current work (absorption line indices) ¨ Proctor & Sansom (2002, MNRAS) 32 objects (11](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/cd5d7407eeaae8c1d735052ba34583e4/image-13.jpg)
Current work (absorption line indices) ¨ Proctor & Sansom (2002, MNRAS) 32 objects (11 Es, 6 S 0 s, 16 bulges) Exposure ≤ 1 h per object on 4 m Edge-on, minor axis, avoiding dust lanes Galaxy type from S 0 – Sbc Wavelength range 4000 ≤ λ ≤ 5500 Å Balmer indices corrected for emission Ages and Mg/Fe ratios of bulges lower than ellipticals “Sharp differences between early and late types” Mass-metallicity relation only for bulges Disk contamination unclear, no gradients Secular evolution not discussed Venice, October 2003 Daniel Thomas - Ages and abundances of ellipticals
![Index-index diagrams Data: Proctor & Sansom 2002 E S 0 a Sa Sab Sb Index-index diagrams Data: Proctor & Sansom 2002 E S 0 a Sa Sab Sb](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/cd5d7407eeaae8c1d735052ba34583e4/image-14.jpg)
Index-index diagrams Data: Proctor & Sansom 2002 E S 0 a Sa Sab Sb Sbc Venice, October 2003 Daniel Thomas - Ages and abundances of ellipticals
![Contamination of line indices Venice, October 2003 Puzia, Kissler-Patig, Thomas, et al. 2003 Daniel Contamination of line indices Venice, October 2003 Puzia, Kissler-Patig, Thomas, et al. 2003 Daniel](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/cd5d7407eeaae8c1d735052ba34583e4/image-15.jpg)
Contamination of line indices Venice, October 2003 Puzia, Kissler-Patig, Thomas, et al. 2003 Daniel Thomas - Ages and abundances of ellipticals
![Calibration with globular clusters Data: Maraston et al. 2003 Thomas, Maraston, Korn 2004, MNRAS Calibration with globular clusters Data: Maraston et al. 2003 Thomas, Maraston, Korn 2004, MNRAS](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/cd5d7407eeaae8c1d735052ba34583e4/image-16.jpg)
Calibration with globular clusters Data: Maraston et al. 2003 Thomas, Maraston, Korn 2004, MNRAS Letters, in press Venice, October 2003 Daniel Thomas - Ages and abundances of ellipticals
![Index-index diagrams Data: Proctor & Sansom 2002 E S 0 a Sa Sab Sb Index-index diagrams Data: Proctor & Sansom 2002 E S 0 a Sa Sab Sb](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/cd5d7407eeaae8c1d735052ba34583e4/image-17.jpg)
Index-index diagrams Data: Proctor & Sansom 2002 E S 0 a Sa Sab Sb Sbc [α/Fe] 0. 0 0. 3 MW Bulge Venice, October 2003 Daniel Thomas - Ages and abundances of ellipticals
![Correlations with σ Data: Proctor & Sansom 2002 MW Bulge HδA, Mgb, Fe 5270, Correlations with σ Data: Proctor & Sansom 2002 MW Bulge HδA, Mgb, Fe 5270,](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/cd5d7407eeaae8c1d735052ba34583e4/image-18.jpg)
Correlations with σ Data: Proctor & Sansom 2002 MW Bulge HδA, Mgb, Fe 5270, Fe 5335 Proctor & Sansom. Fe 5335 2002 Hß, Mgb, Fe 5270, HδA, Mgb, Fe 5270, Fe 5335 Venice, October 2003 Daniel Thomas - Ages and abundances of ellipticals E S 0 a Sa Sab Sb Sbc
![Blue bulges at high-z Ellis, Abraham, Dickinson 2001 Venice, October 2003 Daniel Thomas - Blue bulges at high-z Ellis, Abraham, Dickinson 2001 Venice, October 2003 Daniel Thomas -](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/cd5d7407eeaae8c1d735052ba34583e4/image-19.jpg)
Blue bulges at high-z Ellis, Abraham, Dickinson 2001 Venice, October 2003 Daniel Thomas - Ages and abundances of ellipticals
![Secular evolution Disk contamination Without Disk material Central values and gradients like ellipticals Young Secular evolution Disk contamination Without Disk material Central values and gradients like ellipticals Young](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/cd5d7407eeaae8c1d735052ba34583e4/image-20.jpg)
Secular evolution Disk contamination Without Disk material Central values and gradients like ellipticals Young centers, positive gradients unlike ellipticals + Bureau’s talk - No correlation with Hubble type Venice, October 2003 + Central values edge-on - MW bulge fits in - No correlation with Hubble type - < 10 % effect Daniel Thomas - Ages and abundances of ellipticals
![Comparison with Es Thomas, Maraston, Bender 2002 Ellipticals MW Bulge Venice, October 2003 Daniel Comparison with Es Thomas, Maraston, Bender 2002 Ellipticals MW Bulge Venice, October 2003 Daniel](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/cd5d7407eeaae8c1d735052ba34583e4/image-21.jpg)
Comparison with Es Thomas, Maraston, Bender 2002 Ellipticals MW Bulge Venice, October 2003 Daniel Thomas - Ages and abundances of ellipticals Data: González 1993; Beuing et al. 2002; Mehlert et al. 2003 HδA, Mgb, Fe 5270, Fe 5335 Proctor & Sansom. Fe 5335 2002 Hß, Mgb, Fe 5270, HδA, Mgb, Fe 5270, Fe 5335 E S 0 a Sa Sab Sb Sbc
![Conclusions Ø Stellar population models taking element abundance ratios into account α/Fe ratios, ages Conclusions Ø Stellar population models taking element abundance ratios into account α/Fe ratios, ages](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/cd5d7407eeaae8c1d735052ba34583e4/image-22.jpg)
Conclusions Ø Stellar population models taking element abundance ratios into account α/Fe ratios, ages from Hγ, Hδ Ø Emission contamination important issue use higher-order Balmer lines + TMB models Ø Bulges have younger ages and lower α/Fe than ellipticals well-defined relations with velocity dispersion continue relationship of elliptical galaxies no trend with Hubble type Ø Gradients key to understand the role of the disk MPIA, November 2003 Daniel Thomas - The epoch of early-type galaxy formation
![Venice, October 2003 Proctor, Sansom, Reid, 2000 Daniel Thomas - Ages and abundances of Venice, October 2003 Proctor, Sansom, Reid, 2000 Daniel Thomas - Ages and abundances of](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/cd5d7407eeaae8c1d735052ba34583e4/image-23.jpg)
Venice, October 2003 Proctor, Sansom, Reid, 2000 Daniel Thomas - Ages and abundances of ellipticals
![Stellar Population Gradients No age gradient in ellipticals Mehlert, Thomas et al. 2003 Saglia, Stellar Population Gradients No age gradient in ellipticals Mehlert, Thomas et al. 2003 Saglia,](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/cd5d7407eeaae8c1d735052ba34583e4/image-24.jpg)
Stellar Population Gradients No age gradient in ellipticals Mehlert, Thomas et al. 2003 Saglia, Maraston et al. 2000 Venice, October 2003 Daniel Thomas - Ages and abundances of ellipticals
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