STDsSTIs Unit 8 Do Now 63 1 What

STDs/STIs Unit 8

Do Now 6/3 1. What does a parasite need to survive? 2. What does STD stand for? S __________ T __________ D __________

Review (Think back to Unit 3 & 4) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What is a virus? How do you cure/treat viruses? How do you cure/treat parasites? How do you cure/treat bacteria? How do you cure/treat genetic disorders?

Questions… • If you have any questions that you do not want to ask out loud, there is a question box up front. • All questions will be read and then answers will be combined on an Answer Sheet that will be handed out later this week.

? ? Questions ? ? • Take out a piece of paper-ask me ANY question on reproduction and I will answer it tomorrow-stay anonymous! • ANY and EVERY question you may have about this topic can and will be answered. If the answer isn’t already posted, she will answer your question as soon as possible. (And you can stay anonymous. ) http: //www. goaskalice. columbia. edu/

Some background information… A. The reproductive system. Male:

Female:

B. Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) • ALSO called: • Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) • Venerial Disease (VD) • An STD is any illness that has a significant probability of being spread by humans or animals by sexual contact • Vaginal sex • Oral sex • Anal sex

C. Prevention/Protection • Abstinence (not having sex) is the only way to 100%, without a doubt, avoid STDs or an unplanned pregnancy.

D. Major types of STDs

Chlamydia • Caused by bacteria: Chlamydia trachomatis • Most common STD in the world • 2. 8 million infections/year in the US alone • How you get it: • passed from mother to child during birth • sexual intercourse • oral sex • How to treat it: • Anti-biotics

Chlamydia • Symptoms: • Painful urination, redness, swelling • Milky-white discharge • Many are asymptomatic (NO symptoms), especially women • Left untreated, can cause serious reproductive and health problems ▪ Pelvic inflammitory disease (PID) ▪ Problems having children!!!

Can get in your eye and cause conjunctivitis (pink eye). Chlamydia

Gonorrhea • Caused by bacteria: Neisseria gonorrhoeae • Incubation: 1 -10 days after exposure • How you get it: • passed from mother to child during birth • sexual intercourse • oral sex • How to treat it: • Anti-biotics

Gonorrhea • Primary Symptoms: • Vaginal/Penile discharge • Thick Pus • Difficulty/Pain urinating • If not treated: • Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) • Inflammation (swelling) of the penis and prostate gland

Can be passed mother to child, causing eye infections or even blindness. Gonorrhea

Syphilis • Caused by bacteria: Treponema pallidum • How you get it: • Sexual contact • How you treat it: • Anti-biotics, like penicillin

Symptoms • Primary Syphilis: • 10 -90 days incubation period • Skin lesion (sores) appear at site of contact with the bacteria ▪ Lasts 4 -6 weeks • Lymph swelling Syphilis

Syphilis

• Secondary Syphilis: • 1 -6 months later • Fever, sore throat, weight loss, swollen lymph • White and red itchy sores/blisters ▪ Hands ▪ Soles of feet Syphilis

Tertiary syphilis: • 1 -10 years after infection (up to 50!) • Formation of soft, tumor-like balls internally • Effects immune system function • Constant inflammation/swelling • Joint pain • Heart problems Syphilis • In some cases: insanity

Major types of STDs

Yeast Infection “thrush” • • Scientific name: Candida albicans Can be oral or genital Not always sexually transmitted Common in many people, but uncontrolled replication of the yeast (fungus) results in an infection • How you treat it: • Anti-biotics • “Home remedies” like yogurt • Sometimes goes away on its own

Symptoms of a yeast infection • • Itching Burning Soreness Redness

Major types of STDs

Crabs “pubic lice” • A parasite • Itchy, bites • Redness • Treatment: • • Anti-lice shampoo Shave the affected area Wash and comb thoroughly BURN your sheets

Major types of STDs

Herpes Simplex 2 1. Herpes Simplex 2: genital ● 20% of the population has it! 1. Dormant times = no symptoms 2. Active times = outbreaks 3. The virus stays in the body FOREVER 4. You can only treat the symptoms to decrease outbreaks

Herpes Simplex 2

Herpes Simplex 2

Hepatitis B Virus • A chronic disease: stays FOREVER • How you get it: • Sharing blood/fluids ▪ Sex, sharing drug needles, accidents • Tattoos • Mother to child during birth • How you treat it: • • Vaccine available--get it! Naturally cleared (beaten) by the body Anti-viral drugs Treat the symptoms

Hepatitis B video: http: //www. hepatitisbhelp. com/asset s/Eng. Hep. B_high. wmv Symptoms • Liver cirrhosis (damage) • Cancer of the liver • Jaundice ▪ Yellowing of the eyes and skin Hepatitis B Virus

HPV • Vaccine available for girls (Guardasil, go get it!) • Virus stays FOREVER • HIGHLY contagious virus • Dormant stages = NO symptoms • Active stage = outbreak • How you get it: • Sexual contact

HPV • Symptoms: • Cervical, penile, anal cancer • Genital warts • Warts in the respiratory system ▪ You die because you cannot breathe

HPV This virus is FOREVER. But the warts will come and go.

Chicago STD rates STD Rates: http: //aidsvu. org/state/illinois/chicago/? tab=std-quick-facts

HIV/AIDS • HIV comes first, it is the virus that infects you • Through sharing body fluids ▪ Blood, sexual fluids • HIV becomes AIDS when your body just can’t fight any more

Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV) • The virus infects and destroys your body’s immune cells • Immune system cannot function • Can be YEARS of ‘remission’ or dormancy • No/little symptoms • Treatment: • Anti-viral therapy (ARVs)

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) • HIV becomes AIDS at the last stages • 10 -15 years after the initial infection • Once AIDS sets in, you have about 5 years to live • Without ARVs, life expectancy = 1 year • Patients die of common infections • Since the body’s immune system doesn’t work properly

HIV/AIDS • Symptoms: • • Weight loss Fatigue (tiredness) Leisons (sores) “Flu” symptoms

World-wide rates HIV/AIDS

Chicago HIV/AIDS rates Estimated Total Population http: //aidsvu. org/state/illinois/chicago/? tab=state-demographics STD Rates: http: //aidsvu. org/state/illinois/chicago/? tab=std-quick-facts

Chicago HIV/AIDS rates Current Rates: http: //aidsvu. org/ Chicago Report-December 2014 -Graph Viewing & Area of Chicago Breakdown (pg 20): http: //www. cityofchicago. org/city/en/depts/cdph/provdrs/sti_hi v_aids/svcs/get_sti_hiv_datainchicago. html

Baton Rouge area rates • #6 city in the United States with highest rates of HIV/AIDS • 15% of adults are infected with HIV or AIDS • 73% of infected adults are African Americanaccording to research for Baton Rouge area HIV/AIDS ABSTAIN. GET TESTED. MAKE SMART DECISIONS.

Pregnancy • Unprotected sex typically results in pregnancy • Pregnancy is for 9 months • A baby is FOREVER • http: //www. chicagotribune. com/business/breaking/chi-cost-to-raise-a-child-20140818 -story. html • Average cost of raising a child (0 -18) in Chicago in 2013: $245, 340 ▪ $12, 800 to $14, 970, THINK BEFORE YOU ACT… Are you ready for all this responsibility? ?

Birth Control Methods

Birth Control Methods

What does giving birth FEEL like?

? ? How do you know if you have an STD ? ? • Know the symptoms. • Be aware of your body. • GET TESTED! Going to the doctor is the only way to know FOR SURE if you have an STD. • Blood test • Pap smear • If you and your partner are planning to become sexually active, you MUST both get STD tests at the doctor first.

Prevention/Protection • Abstinence (not having sex) is the only way to 100%, without a doubt, avoid STDs or an unplanned pregnancy.

Other options for prevention/protection • Condoms (male or female) • Approximately 85% effective in protecting against STDs and unplanned pregnancy • Latex • Variety of brands and types • Birth control • Hormone therapy, taken by a female • Vasectomy “getting your tubes-tied” • Surgical, non-reversible • Male or female

HW • Be ready to start your disease project this week. We will discuss the details tomorrow!!