STDs Just the Facts Human Relations Media STDs

STDs: Just the Facts Human Relations Media STDs: Just the Facts ISBN 978 -1 -55548 -789 -8

Worried about STDs? You might not be concerned about STDs, but… u u u Let’s check it out… STDs: Just the Facts Millions of teens get infected every year. Some STDs can be cured; others are yours for life. Being infected with one STD increases your risk of getting other STDs. 2

What is an STD? STD = sexually transmitted disease u u Also called sexually transmitted infection (STI). Infection is transmitted by sexual contact. STDs: Just the Facts 3

Yes or No? You can get an STD from: u shaking hands u sitting on a toilet u drinking from a water fountain u sharing food or utensils u being bitten by an insect u being sneezed or coughed on u touching a person’s sweat or tears STDs: Just the Facts 4

Yes or No? You can get an STD through sexual contact. STDs: Just the Facts 5

What is Sexual Contact? Sexual contact means any intimate contact (not just intercourse) with another person’s: u lips u mouth u penis u vagina u anus Click above to play video. STDs: Just the Facts 6

A Word about Abstinence = not having sex u u 100% effective in preventing STDs. Lots of teens use this method. STDs: Just the Facts 7

The Hidden Epidemic Each year: u u STDs: Just the Facts Almost 20 million new cases of STDs among all sexually active people. Teens account for more than 3 million STD infections. 8

Risk Factors for STDs: Just the Facts u being a sexually active teen u having more than one sex partner u not using latex condoms u using alcohol or drugs 9

Risk Factors for STDs Females under the age of 25 have special risk factors: u u They have higher rates of STDs than young males. They are less likely to experience symptoms, and may not know they are infected. STDs: Just the Facts 10

Risk Factors for STDs Young women risk permanent fertility problems from untreated STDs: Just the Facts 11

How Will I Know? If you’re sexually active and have symptoms like… u abdominal pain u painful urination u pain during sex u u unusual discharge from penis or vagina genital soreness, burning or itching … you may have an STDs: Just the Facts 12

What Should I Do? Seek medical care. A doctor or nurse will: u take a sexual and health history u do a physical exam u take samples (urine, blood and/or fluid from sores) u interpret test results u make a diagnosis u treat as needed STDs: Just the Facts Click above to play video. 13

Get Regular Checkups Sexually active teens should go for a physical checkup once a year. u u u Tell the doctor that you’re having sex. Ask for STD tests if they aren’t offered. Young women should have a yearly pelvic exam and Pap smear. STDs: Just the Facts 14

What Causes STDs? u bacteria u viruses u protozoans computer rendering of AIDS virus bacteria viewed under electron micrograph u STDs: Just the Facts parasitic insects 15

Bacterial STDs Common bacterial STDs: u chlamydia u gonorrhea u syphilis computer rendering of chlamydia bacteria STDs: Just the Facts 16

Chlamydia u u More than 1 million cases reported yearly. Half of these cases are among 15 - to 19 -year-olds. chlamydia u If untreated, a leading cause of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). STDs: Just the Facts 17

Chlamydia Symptoms may appear in 1 -3 weeks: u chlamydia yellow discharge from penis or vagina u painful urination u lower abdominal pain (women) u painful intercourse (women) u swollen testicles (men) 75% of women have no symptoms. STDs: Just the Facts 18

Gonorrhea u u More than 300, 000 cases reported yearly. Highest rates are among 15 - to 19 -year-old females. gonorrhea u If untreated, is a leading cause of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). STDs: Just the Facts 19

Gonorrhea Symptoms may appear in 5 -30 days: u discharge from penis or vagina u constipation and rectal bleeding u painful frequent urination (men) u spotting between periods (women) gonorrhea Women often have no symptoms. STDs: Just the Facts 20

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease PID = pelvic inflammatory disease u u Chronic painful infection of the female reproductive tract. Results from untreated chlamydia or gonorrhea. u Treated with antibiotics. u 1 million women affected each year. STDs: Just the Facts 21

Syphilis u u About 10, 000 cases yearly. If untreated, can lead to paralysis, blindness and death. syphilis STDs: Just the Facts 22

Syphilis Primary syphilis symptoms may appear in 10 -90 days: u painless sore (chancre) at site of infection If untreated, becomes secondary syphilis: u u syphilitic sore on palms of hands STDs: Just the Facts u flu-like symptoms rash on palms of hands, soles of feet very contagious 23

Syphilis If untreated, becomes tertiary syphilis (after 10 - to 20 -year dormancy): STDs: Just the Facts u organ damage u blindness u paralysis u death 24

Bacterial STDs u Can be cured with antibiotics. u Can be acquired again and again. u STDs: Just the Facts Both partners must be treated at the same time to prevent reinfection. 25

Preventing Bacterial STDs Abstinence: 100% effective Latex condoms: very effective if… u used properly u every time u with every partner u u STDs: Just the Facts for oral, anal or vaginal sex NO EXCUSES 26

Viral STDs u u u Cannot be cured; you’re infected for life. Common viral STDs: u HIV u genital herpes u genital warts (HPV) u hepatitis B May be controlled by anti-viral meds. STDs: Just the Facts 27

HIV = human immunodeficiency virus u u About 56, 000 new cases each year. More than 500, 000 people are living with HIV, including almost 7, 000 children under 13. human immunodeficiency virus Half of all new cases are people under age 25. STDs: Just the Facts 28

HIV u u Flu-like symptoms appear a few weeks after infection. HIV and the immune system remain in a stand-off battle for years. STDs: Just the Facts HIV viewed under electron micrograph 29

HIV When immune system begins to lose (5 -8 years after infection): u weight loss u swollen glands u extreme fatigue u fungal infection in mouth (thrush) STDs: Just the Facts oral thrush in a patient’s mouth 30

HIV If untreated, HIV infection can progress to AIDS: u u u Pneumosystis pneumonia of the lungs Kaposi’s sarcoma (cancer that causes red or purple skin blotches) Other, less common, diseases Death is possible if untreated. STDs: Just the Facts 31

HIV Treatment & Prevention Treatment: u u Anti-viral meds when symptoms begin. Successful treatment aims to prolong the quality and length of life. Prevention: STDs: Just the Facts u abstinence u latex condoms 32

Genital Herpes u u 1 in 5 sexually active people are infected with herpes simplex 2. u 1 in 4 are women u 1 in 8 are men Painful and embarrassing, but no known long-term health risks. STDs: Just the Facts 33

Genital Herpes Symptoms may appear 2 weeks after infection: u u u itchy blisters on the genitals and surrounding skin outbreaks usually become less frequent over time transmission can occur even between outbreaks genital herpes virus Many infected people never have an outbreak. STDs: Just the Facts 34

Genital Herpes Treatment u u u Meds can reduce symptoms during outbreaks. Anti-viral meds may help reduce transmission. Do not have sex during outbreaks. STDs: Just the Facts Click above to play video. 35

HPV = human papillomavirus u u u human papilloma virus STDs: Just the Facts More than 100 viruses in HPV family. 40 are sexually transmitted. An estimated half of all sexually active people will be infected with HPV. 36

HPV Symptoms may appear from 1 month to several years after infection: u u u warts on genitals, anus or groin warts may be flat, raised or cauliflower-shaped may grow, remain the same size or disappear computer rendering of HPV Most infected people have no symptoms. STDs: Just the Facts 37

HPV – Risks Several strains of HPV can cause: STDs: Just the Facts u cancer of the cervix u cancer of the penis u cancer of the vagina u cancer of the anus 38

HPV Vaccine u u u Protects against HPV strains responsible for 70% of cervical cancers and some genital warts. Must be given before infection occurs. Approved for 9 - to 26 -year-old women but not for men. STDs: Just the Facts 39

HPV – Treatment u u u STDs: Just the Facts Warts can be removed. Pre-cancerous tissue detected in Pap smears can be removed. No medication exists for treatment. 40

Hepatitis B u About 5, 000 cases each year. u Virus infects the liver. u u u Can cause liver cancer, liver failure and death. Vaccine available. 44 states require vaccine for public school attendance. STDs: Just the Facts 41

Prevention Genital warts and HPV: u Condoms are recommended, but not entirely effective— both STDs can be spread by areas not covered by condoms. Hepatitis B: u Condoms are effective. STDs: Just the Facts 42

Other STDs – Trichomoniasis u Caused by microscopic protozoa. u An estimated 7. 4 million cases each year. u u The most common, curable STD among young, sexually active women. Latex condoms prevent transmission. STDs: Just the Facts 43

Trichomoniasis Symptoms may appear in 1 -4 weeks: u frothy, smelly vaginal discharge u discharge from penis u genital itching u pain during intercourse u painful urination trichomoniasis protozoa Men usually have no symptoms. STDs: Just the Facts 44

Trichomoniasis Treatment u Treated u Repeat with anti-microbials. infections possible. u Both partners must be treated at the same time to prevent reinfection. STDs: Just the Facts 45

Other STDs – Pubic Lice Tiny, wingless parasitic insects, also called “crabs. ” u burrow into the skin u feed on blood u lay their eggs on skin u new lice mature 2 weeks after hatching pubic louse under microscope Transmitted by close physical contact (such as sexual contact), sharing towels or clothing. STDs: Just the Facts 46

Pubic Lice Symptoms include: pubic louse under microscope u redness u swelling u itching Can quickly spread to anus, eyelashes and other areas of the body. STDs: Just the Facts 47

Now What? You’ve learned about: u STD symptoms u how to get treatment u how to prevent STDs Knowledge = Power STDs: Just the Facts 48

Credits Project Director: Donna Giachetti Writers: Bonnie Denmark Karin Rhines, Former Program Director, Westchester County (NY) Department of Health Photo Credits: Big Stock Photo Centers for Disease Control Public Health Image Library (PHIL) Digitalvision The Harrison Laboratory National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) National Institutes of Health Stanford University Human Relations Media STDs: Just the Facts • www. hrmvideo. com • 800 -431 -2050 49

Other Products Available from Human Relations Media: Parenthood: Are You Prepared? video Human Reproduction and Childbirth video Avoiding the Teen Pregnancy Trap video Preparing for Marriage Power. Point Contraception Options Power. Point Human Relations Media STDs: Just the Facts • www. hrmvideo. com • 800 -431 -2050 50