STDs and HIV Madison County AIDS Program Activity

STD’s and HIV Madison County AIDS Program

Activity Time! • Myth or Truth Game • Raise your hand if you know if the statement is a myth or truth.

Myth or Truth? • The best way to use a condom is to pull it on tightly… Myth: The best way is to leave some space at the tip to catch the semen-if the condom has a reservoir tip-you can pull it on tighter

Myth or Truth? • Teenagers can obtain birth control pills and condoms from family planning clinics without parental consent…. . Truth: You do not need a parent’s permission to get birth control/condoms at a clinic as long as you are 13 years old

Myth or Truth? • Girls can get pregnant even if the penis does not actually enter the vagina…. . Truth: Sperm deposited on the outside of the vagina can enter the vagina and move into the fallopian tubes which would cause pregnancy

Myth or Truth? • Using a latex condom correctly every time you have sexual intercourse is very effective in preventing HIV and STDs…. Truth: Next to abstinence, this is the most effective protection against HIV infection

Myth or Truth? • Girls can get pregnant if they have sex during their periods…. . Truth: Girls can get pregnant at any time during their cycles, especially if they have short or irregular cycles

Myth or Truth? • Birth control pills used alone are effective in preventing STDs…. Myth: Birth control pills do not prevent STDs

Myth or Truth? • If a guy pulls his penis out of a partner in time (before ejaculation), he can be sure to prevent pregnancy…. . Myth: As soon as a male gets an erection, his penis produces a fluid called preejaculate which carries enough sperm to cause pregnancy

Most Common STD’S Most Common - CHLAMYDIA - GONORRHEA - GENITAL WARTS - SYPHILIS - HERPES - HEPATITIS - TRICHOMONIASIS -PUBIC LICE (crabs) -HIV/AIDS

CHLAMYDIA • Caused by the bacterium, Chlamydia trachomatis • most frequently reported bacterial sexually transmitted disease in the United States • Can be transmitted during vaginal, anal or oral sex • Know as the “silent disease” because there are usually no symptoms • Can be treated with antibiotics prescribed by a Dr.

CHLAMYDIA SYMPTOMS usually appear within 1 to 3 weeks after exposure • In women – – abnormal vaginal discharge or a burning sensation when urinating. lower abdominal pain, low back pain nausea, fever pain during intercourse, or bleeding between menstrual periods In men – – discharge from their penis or a burning sensation when urinating burning and itching around the opening of the penis

GONORRHEA • • caused by the bacterium, Neisseria gonorrhoeae Transmitted through vaginal, oral and anal sex Also known as the “clap” more than 700, 000 persons in the U. S. get new gonorrheal infections each year • Can be treated with antibiotics prescribed by a Dr.

GONORRHEA SYMPTOMS • Usually occur 2 -5 days after exposure • In women – painful or burning sensation when urinating – increased vaginal discharge, or vaginal bleeding between periods In men – burning sensation when urinating, – white, yellow, or green discharge from the penis

GENITAL WARTS • flesh-colored or gray growths found in the genital area and anal region • caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). • Most patients with genital warts are between the ages of 17 -33 years. • Transmitted through genital contact, most during vaginal and anal sex • Laser treatment can be used to treat genital warts

GENITAL WARTS SYMPTOMS • genital warts are painless, they may be bothersome because of their location, size, or due to itching • In men and women – painless bumps, itching, and discharge – Warts in more than one area are common – In men, genital warts can infect the urethra, penis, scrotum, and rectal area – In women, genital warts usually occur in the moist areas of the labia minora and vaginal opening

SYPHILIS • caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. • often been called “the great imitator” • highest in women 20 to 24 years of age and in men 35 to 39 years of age • Transmitted through vaginal and oral sex and from mother-to-fetus • Easily cured with antibiotics in the early stages • Additional doses of antibiotics are needed to treat someone who has had syphilis for over a year • increases the risk of transmission of HIV through sexual contact

Symptoms & Stages of Syphilis • Occurs 10 days to 3 months after exposure • Primary Stage – marked by the appearance of a single sore called a chancre – chancre is usually firm, round, small, and painless – chancre lasts 3 to 6 weeks and can heals without treatment but if left untreated the infection progresses to the secondary stage Secondary Stage – Skin rash and mucous membrane lesions – may appear as rough, red, or reddish brown spots on the palms of the hands and the bottoms of the feet – Other symptoms include fever, swollen lymph glands, sore throat, patchy hair loss, headaches, and muscle aches – Signs of secondary syphilis will resolve with or without treatment, but if left untreated the infection will progress to the latent and possibly late stages of disease

Symptoms & Stages of Syphilis Cont’d • Latent and Tertiary Stage – begins when primary and secondary symptoms disappear – Without treatment, the infected person will continue to have syphilis even though there are no signs or symptoms; infection remains in the body – damage the internal organs, including the brain, nerves, eyes, heart, blood vessels, liver, bones, and joints – Signs and symptoms of the late stage of syphilis include difficulty coordinating muscle movements, paralysis, numbness, gradual blindness, and dementia – May cause death

HERPES • caused by the herpes simplex viruses type 1 (HSV-1) or type 2 (HSV-2). • HSV-1 more commonly causes infections of the mouth and lips (fever blisters) • HSV-1 infection of the genitals can be caused by oralgenital or genital-genital contact with a person who has HSV-1 infection • no treatment that can cure herpes

GENITAL HERPES • HSV-2 transmitted during sexual contact with someone who has a genital HSV-2 infection • Released from the sores that the viruses cause, but are also released between outbreaks from skin that does not have a sore • Symptoms usually occur within 2 weeks of exposure • Typically appear as one or more blisters on or around the genitals or rectum that may itch burn and be very painful • Can cause flu-like symptoms and swollen glands • Anti-viral drugs can help shorten and prevent outbreaks

HEPATITIS • Caused by a virus that affects the liver • Symptoms of all 3 types include: – flu-like, loss of appetite, weight loss, diarrhea • Hepatitis A- spread by ingestion of fecal matter; oral and anal sex • Hepatitis B-spread through sexual contact, needles, from infected mother to her newborn • Hepatitis C- spread sexually and through infected blood; primarily by sharing needles

HEPATITIS cont’d • Hepatitis A, B and C are not curable • There are vaccines for Hepatitis A, B and C • There are different treatments to suppress the virus but not to cure it • If left untreated, hepatitis can lead to liver failure/diseases

TRICHOMONIASIS • Caused by the single-celled protozoan parasite, • • • Trichomonas vaginalis Most common STD that affects both women and men Estimated 7. 4 million new cases each year The vagina is the most common site of infection in women and the urethra is the most common site of infection in men Transmitted through penis-to-vagina intercourse or vulvato-vulva Men usually contract it only from infected women. Can be treated and cured

TRICHOMONIASIS SYMPTOMS • In women – frothy, yellow-green vaginal discharge with a strong odor. – discomfort during intercourse and urination – irritation and itching of the female genital area In men – irritation inside the penis – mild discharge, or slight burning after urination or ejaculation.

PUBIC LICE (crabs) • small, six-legged creatures that infect the pubic hair area and lay eggs • can also be found in armpit hair and eyebrows • Transmission generally occurs during sexual activity • also can occur through physical contact with contaminated objects such as toilet seats, sheets, and blankets. • best treated with a prescription wash such as Elimite or Kwell

PUBIC LICE (crabs) SYMPTOMS • Eggs or actual adult lice may be seen • Itching in area covered by pubic hair • Skin reaction that is bluish-gray in color • Sores in the genital area due to bites and scratching

Activity Time!

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) • HIV is a virus that infects the cells that make up the human body and make new copies of themselves within those cells. • It specifically attacks a special type of immune system cells called CD 4 Lymphocyte. • Someone who is diagnosed as infected with HIV is said to be ‘HIV+’ or ‘HIV positive’.

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) • HIV attacks the immune system, which is the body’s defense from getting sick. • HIV mutates very quickly throughout the body. • Once the virus enters the body, the immune system can’t ever fully get rid of it. • There isn’t a way to tell by looking at a person if they have been infected by HIV.

Transmission of HIV • Unprotected sex (oral, vaginal, or anal) with an infected person • Injecting drugs, or getting piercings and tatoos using dirty needles • Contact with an infected person’s blood • Mother to child during pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding

Impossible ways of becoming infected • • • Kissing, hugging, shaking hands Eating food prepared by someone with HIV Toilet seats Animal/insect bites Sharing eating utensils Drinking after someone

Treatment for HIV • HIV has no cure. • There anti-viral drugs which slow the progression of HIV to AIDS which can keep some people healthy for many years. • Many of the medications are very expensive and have unpleasant side effects.

Testing for HIV • Rapid Testing Oral Swab – Results in 20 minutes – Confidential and anonymous • Orasure Test – Sent to lab for testing • HIV antibodies do not usually show up on a test for three to six months after infection

AIDS (Aquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) • Usually several years after a person is infected with HIV, they become ill with a number of more severe illnesses. • At this stage, the body has very little defense against any sort of infection. • This point in the stages of HIV infection is considered AIDS or when the number of immune system cells drops below a certain number.

HIV and AIDS • Without drug treatment, HIV infection usually progresses to AIDS on average about ten years. • This is based on a person having a good diet. • Someone who is malnourished may progress to AIDS and death more rapidly. • AIDS have already killed millions of people. • Millions of other people continue to become infected with the HIV virus. • AIDS is one of the biggest problems facing the world today and nobody is beyond its reach. • The only way to stay safe is to not become infected!

ABSTINENCE • This means avoiding all sexual intercourse (vaginal, and oral) • Abstinence completely eliminates the chances of getting an STD or HIV • Abstinence also eliminates the chance of getting pregnant

MONOGAMY • This means having one sexual partner in a long-term relationship • The risk of getting HIV and STDs rise with the number of sexual partners you have

CONDOM USE • Besides abstinence and monogamy, latex condoms are the best protection against STDs, HIV and pregnancy • Condoms can be purchased without prescriptions in drugs store and gas stations • Condoms are free at most Community organizations like Mad. CAP • Condoms are only effective when used properly and ALL the time

CONDOM USE CONT’D • Hold the tip of the condom and unroll it onto the erect penis • Leave the space at the tip to collect semen-make sure no air is trapped in the tip • Use only water-based lubricants with condoms-oil based lube can break latex • If condom breaks-replace immediately • After ejaculation-hold the rim of the condom around the base of the penis-withdraw the penis while erect • NEVER REUSE A CONDOM!

BIRTH CONTROL • Birth control allows us to prevent pregnancy and plan the timing of pregnancy. • There are many safe and effective birth control methods available.

TYPES OF BIRTH CONTROL • Birth Control Implant (Implanon) – A matchstick-sized rod that is inserted in the arm – lasts up to three years – Less than 1 out of 100 women a year will become pregnant using Implanon – Costs between $400 and $800 up front • Birth Control Patch (Ortho Evra) • A small patch that sticks to your skin • Less than 1 out of 100 women will get pregnant each year if they always use Ortho Evra as directed. • Costs about $15–$50 a month

BIRTH CONTROL CONT’D • Birth Control Pill – Take a pill each day – Less than 1 out of 100 women will get pregnant each year if they always take the pill each day as directed – Cost about $15–$50 each month • Birth Control Vaginal Ring (Nuva. Ring) • A small ring you put in your vagina once a month for three weeks • Less than 1 out of 100 women will get pregnant each year if they always use Nuva. Ring as directed. • Costs about $15–$50 a month

BIRTH CONTROL CONT’D • Birth Control Shot (Depo-Provera) – – A shot in the arm that prevents pregnancy Lasts for three months Costs $35–$75 per injection, plus any exam fees Less than 1 out of 100 women will get pregnant each year if they always use the birth control shot as directed. Birth Control Sponge (Today Sponge) - A foam sponge inserted into the vagina Costs $9–$15 for a package of three sponges The sponge is more effective for women who have never given birth. If women who have never given birth always use the sponge as directed, 9 out of 100 will become pregnant each year - If women who have never given birth don't always use the sponge as directed, 16 out of 100 will become pregnant each year

Questions or Comments? ?