STD Subject Topic Presented By 9 th A

रयत श कषण ससथच त . शवग व ज . अहमदनगर जनत STD- Subject Topic Presented By व दय लय 9 th A Science & Technology Highway To Health Mr. Dhakane M. K. , घ टण

HIGHWAY TO HEALTH INFECTIOUS DISEASES 1. Bacterial Disease 2. Viral Disease v BACTERIAL DISEASES A) TUBERCULOSIS : It is the largest single cause of adult illness &Death from communicable disease in the world. It is caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This bacteria attack lungs but can also attack any part of the body such as kidney , bone , spine &Brain. If not treated properly it can be fatal. its spreads through air from one person to another via droplets. The Bacteria enter in to the air when a person with active T. B diseases of the lungs coughs or sneezes or spits. tiny droplets saliva are expelled in to the air which infects the people nearby.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF T. B. 1)Bad cough that lasts three weeks or longer. 2)Weight loss. 3)Coughing up blood or mucus. 4)Fever and chills. PREVENTIONS OF T. B. 1)Infants should be given BCG vaccine. 2) T. B. patients should always cover their mouth while coughing or sneezing. 3)The patients should use spittoon contanining household germicide for spitting. 4)DOTS to cure T. B.

B) TYPHOID: It is caused by Bacteria called salmonella typhi. It is contracted by ingestion of contaminated food or water the bacteria survive in un hygienic conditions and spread through stools and vomit of patients. It follows faecal oral route and is transmitted directly by the contaminated hands of the patients. This bacteria can survive in soil and water for several months. raw vegetables grown using sewage water also spread infection. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF TYPHOID 1. Loss of appetite. 2. Abdominal pain. 4. Headache and body ache. 5. Nausea, rash on stomach. 6. Diarrhoea. 7. The fever is usually as high as 104 o. F.

PREVENTION OF TYPHOID 1. Generating awareness about clean and safe drinking water sanitation. 2. Clean hygienic habites , eatings covered food. 3. Vaccination gives protection for three years. v. VIRAL DISEASE A) HEPATITS: - It is an inflammation of the liver can be caused by a group of viruses. there are five main hepatits viruses referred as Type A, B, C, D &E. Hepatits A, B, C are contagious. Hepatits B&C are most common cause of liver failure and liver cancer. virus of hepatits B&C are transmitted by infected blood.

SIGNS AND SYMTOMS 1. Yellowing of skin and eyes (Jaundice) 2. Dark yellow urine. 3. Fatique and Nausea. 4. Vomatting And Abdominal Pain. 5. Loss of appetite and white or clay coloured stools. PREVENTIONS: 1. 2. 3. Hepatitis A&B prevented through vaccination no vaccine is available for hepatitis C&E. Follow good hygeine practices and washed hands properly after using the toilet and before eating. Before transfusion , blood should be checked for the absence of hepatitis virus.

B)RABIES : It is a virul diseases of mammals transmitted through bite of rabid animal. rabies virus infects wild as well as domestics animal (DOG). It affect the central nervous system. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS 1. Headache, fever , depression, loss of appetite, itching or pain at the site of bite. 2. Two to ten days later the signs of damage to the nervous system appears. the patients experiences anxiety, hyper salivation, disoriantion , hydrophobia and difficulty in swallowing. 3. Death may be sudden due to cardiac or repiratory arrest.

PREVENTIONS: 1. Vaccination: - Unlike other vaccine the rabies vaccine is administered after exposure to virus. 2. Most valuable preventive measure is through cleaning of the site of wound with soap and water. 3. Vaccinations of the pets. c) POLIOMYELITIS[POLIO]: It is highly infectious viral disease mainly affecting young children. The virus follows faecal oral route. It multiplyes in the intestine and then invades the nervous system. polio virus is found only in human beings. SYMPTOMS OF POLIO: 1. Fever , fatique, headache & vomitting. 2. Stiffness in the neck. 3. Pain in the limbs. 4. Permanent paralysis of the limbs.

PREVENTIONS OF POLIO: 1. there is no cure for polio , it can only be prevented. 2. oral polio vaccine given multiple times can protect a child or life. PULSE POLIO IMMUNIZATION CAMPAIGN : 1. This campaign established by the Govt. of India in 1994 to eradicate polio in India. All children under the age of five are vaccinated annually against polio virus. 2. This campaign also works by generating awareness about disease. 3. pulse polio uses oral vaccine because it is easy to administer , in expensive and reaches intestine directly and prevents multiplication of disease.

D) AIDS : AIDS was first recognized in U. S. A. AIDS stands for Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome. Acquired means you can get the infection from someone who already has it. Immune Deficiency means a weakness in the body system that fights disease. Syndrome means a group of health problem that make a disease. The Aids is a medical condition caused by a virus called Human Immune Deficiency virus(HIV) SPREAD OF AIDS : v Unprotected sex with an infected person. v Direct contact with infected blood. v Sharing of needles , which is common in drug abusers , carries virus from one person to another. v An AIDS infected mother can transfer to the baby. v Blood Transfusion.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF AIDS: v Due to weakened immune system Opportunistic Infections may occur(e. g. TB, Herpes, Yeast and fungal infections). v A weakened immune system can also cause unusual condition like lymphoma of brain which causes fever and troubled thinking and cancer of tissues called Kaposi’s sarcoma which causes brown reddish spots on the skin. PREVENTIONS OF AIDS : - • Avoid sexual contact with infected person • Use disposable syringes and needles. • Avoid common razors in the barbers shop , sharing of tooth brushes. • Before receiving blood transfusion one should ensure that it has been screened for HIV. • People are to be educated about transmission of AIDS.