STAY HOME Stay safe OBJECTIVE HAP 6 1

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OBJECTIVE HAP. 6. 1 Describe and evaluate how the nervous system functions and interconnects with all other body systems.

FUN FACT 1. Your nervous system cannot function properly in the absence of potassium and sodium ions. 2. Vitamin B is equally essential for your nervous system

FUN FACT There are 100 billion neurons in your brain alone.

NERVOUS SYSTEM

NERVOUS SYSTEM The nervous system is the part of an animal. It coordinates its actions by transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body.

cont… The nervous system detects environmental changes that impact the body, then works in tandem with the endocrine system to respond to such events.

FUNCTION OF NERVOUS SYSTEM 1. Sensory input Information gathered by sensory receptors about internal and external changes 2. Integration Interpretation of sensory input 3. Motor output Activation of effector organs (muscles and glands) produces a response

Sensory input Integration Motor output

COMPOSITION

COMPOSITION In vertebrates it consists of two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

COMPOSITION The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord. The PNS consists mainly of nerves, which are enclosed bundles of the long fibers or axons.

COMPOSITION

How the Nervous System Interacts with Other Body Systems

Skeletal System

Skeletal System: Associated organs Ø Bones (e. g. , skull, vertebrae) Ø Joints

1. Bones provide calcium that is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system. 2. The skull protects the brain from injury. 3. The vertebrae protect the spinal cord from injury. 4. Sensory receptors in joints between bones send signals about body position to the brain. 5. The brain regulates the position of bones by controlling muscles.

Cardiovascular System

Cardiovascular System: Associated organs Heart, blood vessels (& lungs)

1. Endothelial cells maintain the blood-brain barrier. 2. Baroreceptors send information to the brain about blood pressure. 3. Cerebrospinal fluid drains into the venous blood supply. 4. The brain regulates heart rate and blood pressure.

Muscular System

Muscular System: Associated organs Muscles (smooth, skeletal and cardiac muscles)

1. Receptors in 2. The controls the of skeletal muscles provide the brain with information about body position and movement. brain contraction muscle. 3. The nervous system regulates the speed at which

Endocrine System

Endocrine System: Associated organs 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. PINEAL BODY PITUITARY GLAND HYPOTHALAMUS THYROID PARATHYROID HEART 7. ADRENAL GLAND 8. KIDNEY 9. PANCREAS 10. STOMACH 11. INTESTINES 12. OVARY

1. Hormones provide feedback to the brain processing. to affect neural 2. Reproductive hormones affect the development system. of the nervous 3. The hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland endocrine glands. and other

Lymphatic System

Lymphatic System: Associated organs Ø Ø Ø Adenoid Tonsils Thymus Lymph nodes Spleen

The brain can stimulate defense mechanisms against infection through lymphatic system.

Respiratory System

Respiratory System: Associated organs Ø Ø Ø Lungs Larynx Pharynx Trachea Bronchi

1. The brain monitors respiratory volume and blood gas levels. 2. The brain regulates respiratory rate.

Digestive System

Digestive System: Associated organs ØSTOMACH ØESOPHAGUS ØSALIVARY GLANDS ØLIVER ØGALL BLADDER ØPANCREAS ØINTESTINES

1. Digestive processes provide the building blocks neurotransmitters. for some 2. The autonomic nervous system controls the tone of the digestive tract. 3. The brain controls drinking and feeding behavior. 4. The brain controls muscles for eating and elimination. 5. The digestive system sends sensory information to the brain.

Reproductive System

Reproductive System: Associated organs TESTES VAS DEFERENS PROSTATE GLAND OVARY FALLOPIAN TUBES UTERUS CERVIX

Urinary System

Urinary System: Associated organs ØBLADDER ØURETHRA ØKIDNEY ØURETERS

1. The bladder sends sensory information to the brain. 2. The brain controls urination.

Integumentary System

System Ø Ø Ø SKIN HAIR NAILS CLAWS HOOVES

1. Receptors in skin send sensory information to the brain. 2. The autonomic nervous system regulates peripheral blood flow and sweat glands. 3. Nerves control muscles connected to hair follicles.

PRACTICE QUESTIONS 1. Digestive processes …………………. . 2. The autonomic nervous …………………. 3. The brain controls …………. . behavior. provide system controls the …………………. . and 4. The brain controls …………for eating and elimination. 5. The digestive system …………………. . . sends

PRACTICE QUESTIONS 1. Digestive processes provide the building blocks for some neurotransmitters. 2. The autonomic nervous system controls the tone of the digestive tract. 3. The brain controls drinking and feeding behavior. 4. The brain controls muscles for eating and elimination. 5. The digestive system sends sensory information to the brain.

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BELL RINGER 1. WHAT ARE ASSOCIATED ORGANS OF INTEGUMENATRY SYSTEM 2. EXPLAIN HOW NEVOUS SYTEM INTERACTS WITH INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM?

BELL RINGER 1. NAME THE TWO PARTS OF NERVOUS SYSTEM 2. NAME THE TWO PARTS OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 3. NAME THE TWO PARTS OF PRIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

BELL RINGER 1. TWO PARTS OF NERVOUS SYSTEM CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM & PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 2. THE TWO PARTS OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM BRAIN & SPINAL CORD 3. THE TWO PARTS OF PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM NERVES & AXON

BELL RINGER(Ans) 1. NAME ANY TWO GENETIC AND NON-GENETIC DISORDERS OF MUSCULAR SYSTEM. Ø Inflammatory muscle diseases Ø Myasthenia gravis Ø Drugs or hormonal disorders 2. Ø Ø Ø NAME THE WAYS TO MANAGE FIBROMYALGIA. Medications Exercise Relaxation Techniques.

BELL RINGER 1. NAME ANY TWO DISORDERS OF MUSCULAR SYSTEM. 2. NAME THE WAYS TO MANAGE FIBROMYALGIA.

BELL RINGER How does nervous system interacts with skeletal system and muscular system? Nervous system & skeletal system 1. Bones provide calcium that is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system. 2. The skull protects the brain from injury. Nervous system & Muscular system 1. Receptors in muscles provide the brain with information about body position and movement. 2. The brain controls the contraction of skeletal muscle.

Practice questions 1. The nervous system coordinates its actions by ……………. to and from ……………………………. 2. The two main parts: of nervous system are ……. . . . . …. & …………. . . . 3. The brain can stimulate defense mechanisms against infection through …………… 4. The hypothalamus controls the …………………. . and other ………………. . .

BELL RINGER How does nervous system interacts with skeletal system and muscular system?