STATES OF MATTER SOLID LIQUID GAS PLASMA SEAN

  • Slides: 16
Download presentation
STATES OF MATTER: SOLID, LIQUID, GAS, & PLASMA SEAN BRODERICK

STATES OF MATTER: SOLID, LIQUID, GAS, & PLASMA SEAN BRODERICK

KINETIC THEORY OF MATTER • Matter is made up of atoms which are in

KINETIC THEORY OF MATTER • Matter is made up of atoms which are in continual random motion • Particle movement determines the state of matter.

SOLIDS • Shape: Definite • Volume: Definite • Atoms: • Tightly packed • Vibrate

SOLIDS • Shape: Definite • Volume: Definite • Atoms: • Tightly packed • Vibrate in place • Exception: • Water – Ice has more space between atoms as a solid than as a liquid. That is why Ice Floats!

LIQUID • Shape: Indefinite • Volume: Definite • Atoms: • Further apart • Slide

LIQUID • Shape: Indefinite • Volume: Definite • Atoms: • Further apart • Slide over each other, have more kinetic energy • Kinetic energy is the energy of motion

GAS • Shape: Indefinite • Volume: Indefinite • Atoms: • Moving very fast and

GAS • Shape: Indefinite • Volume: Indefinite • Atoms: • Moving very fast and very far apart • Most Kinetic Energy • Move faster when heat is applied • Move slower when heat is taken away

PHASE CHANGES Changes in State: - A change of a substances from one physical

PHASE CHANGES Changes in State: - A change of a substances from one physical state to another Example - Water vapor to liquid water - Liquid water freezing to

HOW DO SUBSTANCES CHANGE STATE? • ENERGY GAINED OR LOST • To change state,

HOW DO SUBSTANCES CHANGE STATE? • ENERGY GAINED OR LOST • To change state, energy must be added or removed. • This can be done by adding or taking heat to the substance. • Add Heat/Energy -> Particles will speed up and distance will increase

PHASE CHANGES • Melting • Solid becomes liquid • Energy is added • •

PHASE CHANGES • Melting • Solid becomes liquid • Energy is added • • Particles speed up Temperature rises • Melting Point • Temperature at which a substance change from a solid to a liquid • Eg. Ice melts to liquid water at 0°C or 32°F

PHASE CHANGES • Freezing • Liquid becomes Solid • Loss of energy • Particles

PHASE CHANGES • Freezing • Liquid becomes Solid • Loss of energy • Particles slow down • Temperature cools • Freezing Point • Temperature at which a substance change from a liquid to a solid • Eg. Water freezes to Ice at 0°C or 32°F

PHASE CHANGES • Boiling • A rapid change from a liquid to a gas

PHASE CHANGES • Boiling • A rapid change from a liquid to a gas • Add heat/energy to liquid • Particles move faster • Boiling Point • The temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas • Eg. Water boils at 100°C (212°F)

PHASE CHANGES • Condensation • A gas becomes a liquid • Loss of energy/heat

PHASE CHANGES • Condensation • A gas becomes a liquid • Loss of energy/heat • Cooling a gas • Particles lose energy and slow down • Condensation Point • Eg. Water Condenses at 100°C (212°F)

SOLID DIRECTLY INTO A GAS • Sublimation • A solid changes state directly into

SOLID DIRECTLY INTO A GAS • Sublimation • A solid changes state directly into a gas (never becomes a liquid) • Example: Dry Ice

GAS DIRECTLY INTO A SOLID • Deposition • A gas changes state directly into

GAS DIRECTLY INTO A SOLID • Deposition • A gas changes state directly into a solid (never becomes a liquid) • Example: water vapor turning into ice crystals

BUT WHAT HAPPENS IF YOU RAISE THE TEMPERATURE TO SUPER-HIGH LEVELS… BETWEEN 1000°C AND

BUT WHAT HAPPENS IF YOU RAISE THE TEMPERATURE TO SUPER-HIGH LEVELS… BETWEEN 1000°C AND 1, 000, 000°C ? Will everything just be a gas?

LAST STATE OF MATTER- PLASMA • Shape: Indefinite • Volume: Indefinite • Plasma is

LAST STATE OF MATTER- PLASMA • Shape: Indefinite • Volume: Indefinite • Plasma is an ionized gas • Composed of electrically charged particles • Examples • Flames, lightning, the Sun.