STATES OF MATTER Self Study CHANGES IN STATE
![3. Dipole-Dipole [polar] - end attracted /// to + end of another](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/16d359c310a5ee3a1a2f8641eb3b6f5f/image-17.jpg "3. Dipole-Dipole [polar] - end attracted /// to + end of another")
![4. Dispersion [nonpolar] weakest interaction Induced + Induced - -a dipole is induced -lowest](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/16d359c310a5ee3a1a2f8641eb3b6f5f/image-18.jpg "4. Dispersion [nonpolar] weakest interaction Induced + Induced - -a dipole is induced -lowest")
- Slides: 51
STATES OF MATTER Self Study
CHANGES IN STATE Four states of matter video clip: click here
PHASE DIAGRAM Book video clip: click here
Phase Diagram MELTING FREEZING CONDENSATION VAPORIZAITON SUBLIMATION TRIPLE POINT
WHAT WORD DESCRIBES MOTION OR MOVEMENT ENERGY?
KINETIC ENERGY All matter’s particles are in constant motion
State of Matter is determined by • Particle arrangement • Energy of particles • Distance b/w particles
KINETIC THEORY: SOLIDS Atoms are vibrating on a fixed point in a solid
TYPES OF SOLIDS Book video clip: click here
Amorphous Solid Has no organized internal structure Rubber Plastic Glass Asphalt Cotton Candy
COMPOUNDS WITH THE HIGHEST MELTING POINTS ARE….
Melting Points Strongest ( highest): Lowest ( weakest) Ionic Bonding Hydrogen Bonding Dipole-Dipole Dispersion
1. Ionic : strongest bond Bond kept together by…. Crystalline structure
Covalent Compounds have three interactions( intermolecular forces) that keep them together….
2. Hydrogen Bonding strongest covalent Highest MP & BP of covalent Hydrogen attracted to: N itrogen O xygen F luorine
3. Dipole-Dipole [polar] - end attracted /// to + end of another
4. Dispersion [nonpolar] weakest interaction Induced + Induced - -a dipole is induced -lowest MP & BP
KINETIC THEORY: LIQUIDS Particles are not bound together in fixed positions, but there is still some attractive forces keeping them close during movement.
Fluidity Particles flow, slide over each other
Viscosity
KINETIC THEORY OF GASES Book clip: clip here
Gas Particles Assumption #1: • Have a small volume • Far apart from each other • Independent : No attractive or repulsive forces
Gas Particles Assumption #2: • Move: • Rapid • Independent • Random • Straight paths • Only direction when rebounding
Gas Particles Assumption #3 When particles collide, there collisions are elastic: • no loss of energy • it is transferred between the particles
GAS PRESSURE Force exerted when gas particles collide: click here
Pressure Units • SI unit : Pascal (Pa) ▫ Sea level: 101. 3 k. Pa • Millimeters of Mercury: mm Hg ▫ blood pressure • Atmospheres: atm ▫ Atmospheric pressure • Torr • Pounds per Square Inch: PSI ▫ Tire pressure, scuba diving • Bar ▫ Atmospheric pressure
Conversions of Pressure 1 atm = 760 mm. Hg = 101. 3 k. Pa 1 torr = 1 mm Hg 1 atm = 14. 7 PSI 1 bar = 1 atm
EVAPORATION VS CONDENSATION Eureka video clip: click here
EVAPORATION Video Clip: Click here
EQUILIBRIUM Book clip: click here
Evaporation/ Condensation Equilibrium
Evaporation/ Condensation Dynamic Equilibrium
Evaporation/ Condensation Dynamic Equilibrium
BOILING Video clip: click here
TEMPERATURE Video clip: click here
MEASURING TEMPERATURE Eureka video clip: click here
TEMPERATURE Movement of particles
ABSOLUTE ZERO (0 K) No movement of particles
ABSOLUTE ZERO (0 K) Video Clip: Click here
KINETIC ENERGY TEMPERATURE Kinetic Energy↑ the Temp↑
REMEMBER: K =273 + C F = (9/5 C) + 32
EXPLORING HEAT Video clip: click here
APPLICATION
Distillation A homogenous mixture of liquids, a solution, can be separated using the knowledge that: • every substance has a unique boiling point • all gasses can condense
Distillation
PLASMA IN A BOTTLE Video Clip: click here
WEATHER Video clip: Click here
SCUBA Video Clip: click here
NITROGEN NARCOSIS Video Clip: click here