States of Matter KineticMolecular Theory All particles are

States of Matter

Kinetic-Molecular Theory • All particles are in motion. • Add energy = increase motion. • Motion tries to tear apart matter. • Attractive forces hold matter together.

Kinetic-Molecular Theory Two Forces • Attractive – electrical, between particles • Disruptive – caused by kinetic energy (motion) Balance between these forces determines state.

Solid • Low energy • Touching • Locked in place • Only vibrate (The intermolecular forces are higher in energy than the kinetic energy. )

Liquid • More kinetic energy • Still touching • Not locked in place • Can roll around (The intermolecular forces are almost equal to the kinetic energy. )

Question Why do liquids not compress like gases? 1. Atoms are touching. 2. Attractions are greater than repulsions. 3. Atoms roll around. 4. Atoms are small.

Gas • Much kinetic energy • Loose particles • Independent (The intermolecular forces are weaker than the kinetic energy. )

Question Why do gases have no definite shape? 1. 2. 3. 4. Atoms are touching. Atoms are large. Atoms are moving. Repulsions are greater than attractions.

Plasma • The kinetic energy is so high that electrons are “ripped” away from the nucleus.

Extreme Matter Bose-Einstein condensate § Super-atom Quark-gluon plasma § Behaves like liquid?

Phase Changes • Condensation: gas liquid • Vaporization (boiling): liquid gas • Solidification (freezing): liquid solid • Melting: solid liquid

Sublimation the phase change from a solid to a gas without going through the liquid state

Deposition the phase change from a gas directly to a solid