States of Matter Chemistry The Four States of

States of Matter Chemistry The Four States of Matter Chumbler - Properties of Matter 1

States of Matter The Four States of Matter Four States u. Solid u. Liquid u. Gas u. Plasma Chumbler - Properties of Matter 2

States of Matter The Four States of Matter Basis of Classification of the Four Types ØBased upon particle arrangement ØBased upon energy of particles Chumbler - Properties of Matter 3

States of Matter Solids §Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position. §Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume. Chumbler - Properties of Matter 4

States of Matter § § § Two Types of Solids Crystalline and Amorphous Crystalline have a very orderly, 3 -D arrangement of particles. Amorphous solids are made of particles that are in no special order. Chumbler - Properties of Matter 5

States of Matter Solids Examples Chumbler - Properties of Matter 6

States of Matter Liquids §Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another. §Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume. §Liquids take the shape of any container it is put in. Chumbler - Properties of Matter 7

States of Matter Liquids cont. The particles in liquids move fast enough to overcome some of the attractions between them. Realize that the particles in a liquid state are still very close together; they just slide past each other. u Liquids have two properties Surface Tension – is a force that acts on the particles at the surface of a liquid, which cause spherical drops u Viscosity – is a liquids resistance to flow, the stronger attraction between liquid particles the more Chumbler - Properties of Matter 8

States of Matter Gases §Gas is the state in which matter changes in both shape and volume §Particles in a gas move very fast and are very far apart and move freely. §Gases have an indefinite Chumbler - Properties of Matter 9

States of Matter Plasma §Plasma is the state of matter that does not have a definite shape or volume. (is like a charged gas) §A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields. §Plasmas conduct electric current, while gases do not. Chumbler - Properties of Matter 10

States of Matter Plasma Particles The negatively charged electrons (yellow) are freely streaming through the positively charged ions (blue). Chumbler - Properties of Matter 11

States of Matter Plasma Examples Chumbler - Properties of Matter 12

Change of State ØIs the change of a substance from one physical form to another ØAll changes of state are physical changes ØParticles of a substance have different amount of energy Chumbler - Properties of Matter 13

Molecular Motion Adding heat Removing heat

Melting ØIs the change of state from a solid to a liquid ØThe temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid is the melting point ØMelting is an endothermic Chumbler - Properties of Matter 15

Freezing ØIs the change of state from a liquid to a solid ØThe temperature at which a substance changes into a solid is the freezing a point ØFreezing is an exothermic change because energy is removed from or taken out of… Chumbler - Properties of Matter o 16

Vaporization ØIs the change of state from a liquid to a gas Ø 2 types of Vaporization Øi. Boiling Point – occurs when a boiling point is reached Ø 1. BP for water is 100 o. C Øii. Evaporation- occurs below the boiling point 17

Condensation ØIs the change of state from a gas to a liquid Example: beads of ice on a glass of water Chumbler - Properties of Matter 18

Sublimation ØIs the change of state from a solid directly to a gas Example: Dry ice Chumbler - Properties of Matter 19