STATES OF MATTER Chapter 3 Labs done so

STATES OF MATTER Chapter 3

Labs done so far for ch. 3 sections 1 and 2: 1. Distilled wood and related read of temperatures with plateaus for substances produced 2. Distilling solution X (BP/CP –evaporation/condensation) with time, temp and volume graph 3. Cooling curve of moth nuggets and flakes

Kinetic Theory • All matter is made of atoms and molecules that act like tiny particles. • These tiny particles are always in motion. (known as Brownian Motion) – – temperature movement If temp. increases = then lighter objects move faster

How many states of matter are there? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1 2 3 4 5

States of Matter are Physically Different SOLID LIQUID GAS Closely packed Fixed Positions Vibrate Closely packed – but can slide past one another Constant motion – rarely stick together

566 × 5 There are 2 more states of matter • Plasma • Bose Einstein Condensate

What is the most common state of matter in the universe? 1. 2. 3. 4. Solid Liquid Gas plasma

Look at Plasma in the text, p. 82 -83 Play clips of Plasma and Bose Einstein Condensate http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Vke. SI_B 5 Ljc Plasma http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=1 Rp. LOKq. Tc. Sk BEC

SOLIDS • Crystalline Solids – Atoms organized in geometric patterns – Crystal systems – Ex: ice, methanol, sodium chloride • Amorphous Solids – Atoms not organized in specific patterns – Do not have definite melting pts. – Ex: glass, plastic, gels

LIQUIDS • Atoms are close (similar to solids) – but can slip pass each other. • No definite shape

GAS • Most energetic phase on Earth • Move fast – cannot attach to each other • No shape or volume

The Phase of a Material Depends on the Motion of Its Particles

THERMAL ENERGY • In a substance is the total energy of all its atoms and molecules • Potential and Kinetic Energy

TEMPERATURE • Is related to the random motion of atoms and molecules • Proportional to the average kinetic energy of molecular motion

HEAT VS TEMPERATURE • HEAT – Is energy that is measured in joules or calories • TEMPERATURE – Measured in degrees – Measures the expansion or contraction of a liquid

When heat energy is added to a substance, the particles 1. Speed up 2. Slow down 3. Remain the same speed

When particles speed up, the particles 1. Stick and clump together 2. Slide by or bounce off of each other 3. Remain unchanged

When heat energy is lost from a substance, the particles 1. Speed up 2. Slow down 3. Remain the same speed

When particles slow down, the particles tend to 1. Stick and clump together 2. Slide by or bounce off of each other 3. Remain unchanged

Think of the following diagrams in terms of energy gained or energy lost by the substances.

Gas Solid Liquid

Gas Evaporation Solid Liquid

Gas Condensation Solid Liquid

Gas Evaporation Condensation Solid Liquid

Gas Solid Freezing Liquid

Gas Solid Melting Liquid

Gas Solid Freezing Melting Liquid

Gas Solid Liquid

Gas Sublimation Solid Liquid

Gas Deposition Solid Liquid

Gas Sublimation Deposition Solid Liquid

Gas Sublimation Deposition Solid Evaporation Condensation Freezing Melting Liquid

States of Matter are Physically Different because particle speed is different SOLID to Liquid= energy added (Melting) Lots of energy added at one time and solid gas (sublimation) LIQUID to Gas= Energy added (Boiling) Go right to left and energy will be taken away at gas liquid (condensing) And liquid solid is (melting) Lots of energy lost at one time right to left and g s (deposition)

What requires more energy for the same quantity of the same substance? 1. Raising the temperature of a substance 1º C 2. Completing a phase change

I have a solution of liquids. If in the heating process I have 4 distinct plateaus as the liquid changes to gas, how many liquids were in the solution? 1. 1 2. 3. 4. 5. 2 3 4 Unable to tell

The Phase of a Material Depends on the Motion of Its Particles

Solid to a liquid 1. Energy added 2. Energy lost

gas to a solid 1. Energy added 2. Energy lost

liquid to a solid 1. Energy added 2. Energy lost

Gas to a liquid 1. Energy added 2. Energy lost

Solid to a gas 1. Energy added 2. Energy lost

Liquid to a gas 1. Energy added 2. Energy lost

melting 1. Energy added 2. Energy lost

deposition 1. Energy added 2. Energy lost

freezing 1. Energy added 2. Energy lost

condensing 1. Energy added 2. Energy lost

sublimation 1. Energy added 2. Energy lost

boiling 1. Energy added 2. Energy lost

End of Chapter 3 sections 1 and 2

THERMAL ENERGY • In a substance is the total energy of all its atoms and molecules • Potential and Kinetic Energy

TEMPERATURE • Is related to the random motion of atoms and molecules • Proportional to the average kinetic energy of molecular motion

HEAT VS TEMPERATURE • HEAT – Is energy that is measured in joules or calories • TEMPERATURE – Measured in degrees – Measures the expansion or contraction of a liquid