States Of Matter 91515 Brain Teaser What word

States Of Matter 9/15/15

Brain Teaser What word in the English language is always spelled incorrectly?

Objectives • Students will: – Review Properties of matter – Identify the characteristics of a substance – Differentiate among the physical states of matter

Review Ø Ø Ø Ø Chemistry is the study of matter. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Properties of matter can be physical or chemical properties Properties that are physical can be observed or measured without changing the sample. Properties that are chemical CAN’T be observed or measured without changing the sample. Physical properties can further be divided into intensive and extensive properties Intensive properties are independent on quantity of sample and all have I’s…density, boiling point, etc… Extensive properties dependent on how much of a substance you have – like mass, length, weight, volume, etc.

Pop Quiz • Observe the object/demo I am demonstrating at the front of the classroom • Identify if the following object/demo is describing a physical or chemical property of that substance. • If physical, identify if it is an intensive or extensive property. • There are 7 questions.

1 st object • Aluminum foil – 1. Tear it – 2. Ball it up

2 nd object • 3. A penny – On a plate with salt and vinegar

3 rd object • 4. Vinegar – This beaker of vinegar has a volume of …

4 th object • 5. A rock – I can find the density of this irregular shaped rock by displacing it in water to measure volume and find its mass by weighing it.

6 and 7 • 6. An intensive property is _______ on the amount of substance present. – A. dependent – B. independent • 7. An extensive property is ______ on the amount of substance present. – A. dependent – B. independent

A substance • Is matter that has a uniform and unchanging composition. – Example: • Table salt – has a unique and unchanging chemical composition. – Every sample of table salt will be 100% Sodium chloride – its composition doesn’t change from one sample to another – Not and example: • Ocean water – not a substance b/c samples taken from different locations will have differing compositions.

Pretest • True or false? – 1. A vapor and a gas are the same thing. – 2. A liquid conforms to its container. – 3. Particles of gas are spaced closer together than particles of a liquid. – 4. A solid has definite shape but unchangeable volume.

Popcorn read • Starting on page 58 • Under states of matter

States of Matter • four states of matter: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma • state of matter depends on the pressure and temperature at which the matter exists • state is a PHYSICAL PROPERTY

Solids • definite shape and volume • particles packed close together and vibrate weakly about fixed positions • not compressible • low kinetic energy

• definite volume, no definite shape • particles move, slide and flow • particles very close together • non-compressible • more kinetic energy than solids Liquids

Gases • no definite shape or volume • particles move rapidly in all directions • low attractive forces between particles • higher kinetic energy than solid or liquid • very compressible

Gas

Vapor • Refers to the gaseous state of a substances that is solid or liquid at room temperature. – Example: • Steam – b/c at room temp, it’s water – But when heated it’s steam

Plasma • ionized gas particles • most abundant state of matter in the universe • occurs in stars, lightning bolts, fluorescent lights • occur at temperatures over 5000 degrees C. at normal pressures

Physical Changes • • Tearing paper Breaking ice Breaking a crystal Crumple Aluminum foil Balling up foil Phase changes Changes that alter a substance without changing its composition.

Chemical Changes • Iron rusting in the presence of oxygen • Fermentation of juice, sugars and other ingredients to make wine • Production of carbon dioxide gas when vinegar and baking soda combine. • Explode, rust, oxidize, corrode, tarnish, ferment, burn, or rot • The process that involves one or more substances changing into new substances. • AKA – CHEMICAL REACTIONS

Chemical Change • substances initially present change into different substances • carbon and oxygen yield carbon dioxide • carbon + oxygen carbon dioxide • reactants products • C + O 2 CO 2 • Law of Conservation of Matter

How did you do? • Classify the images according to their state of matter • 1. 2. 3. 4.

Write True or False • 1. All matter that we encounter in everyday life exists in one of three physical forms. • 2. A solid has a definite shape and volume • 3. A liquid has a definite shape and takes on the volume of its container. • 4. A gas has both the shape and the volume of its container.

• 5. The particles in a gas cannot be compressed into a smaller volume • 6. Liquids tend to contract when heated. • 7. The particles in a solid are spaced far apart. • 8. The words gas and vapor can be used interchangeably.

Independent Practice • Graphic organizers – what is not finished in class needs to be taken home and done for homework. • Please have your work ready to be checked tomorrow for a grade.