Statement of Inquiry 9282015 AGENDA Warm Up Brain

Statement of Inquiry: 9/28/2015 AGENDA Warm Up: Brain Dump 7 min 1. Enter the classroom silently and find your seat. 2. Write down homework in your planner. Objective(s): • (Obj 1) Analyze the flow of energy in living systems (cellular respiration) • (OBj 2) Identify the process of fermentation in the second stage of cellular respiration. • Summarize the events of the four stages of mitosis and differentiate cytokinesis in animal and plant cells. 3. Warm- UP 4. Wait silently for instructions 1. Cellular respiration review 2. Cell Cycle 3. Cellular Division

Brain Dump Passive transport Active transport Cellular respiration Photosynthesis Cell organelles Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes Biomolecules

PASS BACK TEST go over answers… questions? ? SWITCH SLIDES…CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Cell Cycle, Cancer & Exit tickets Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission

Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

The Cell Cycle • Orderly set of steps between eukaryotic cell divisions Why do Cells Divide? • Think, Pair, Share 1. Growth 2. Reproduction 3. Repair

Cell Cycle • Two major stages: 1. Interphase – cell is not dividing 2. Mitotic (M) phase – cell is dividing

Stages of interphase 1. Interphase i. G 1 phase (first gap phase) – growth phase when new organelles are produced and centrioles are produced ii. S phase (synthesis) – nuclear DNA is replicated iii. G 2 phase (second gap phase) – brief growth period for production of enzymes needed for cell division, organelle and centriole production finishes

Stages of mitotic phase 2. Mitotic phase i. ii. Mitosis – nucleus divides two sets of chromosomes into two daughter nuclei (4 phases) Cytokinesis – cytoplasm divides (usually begins during telophase)

Control of the Cell Cycle G 0 Checkpoint – Cell exits cycle – nondividing cell G 1 Checkpoint - Check to see if DNA is damaged G 2 Checkpoint - Check to see if DNA is replicated properly M Checkpoint - spindle assembly checkpoint, check for alignment of chromosomes Apoptosis - programmed cell death, if any of the checks fail

Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase i. PMAT “Please make another twin”

Exit tickets Complete the biomolecule exit ticket Place the ticket in the raspberry tray on your way out the door.

Objective of the day Summarize the events of the four stages of mitosis and differentiate cytokinesis in animal and plant cells.

Cell Cycle, Cancer & Cell Division Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission

5 min WHY? • Why some of the cells are smaller than others?

Reason 1. They have recently divided and have not grown to full size.

Statement of Inquiry/IB Trait STATEMENT OF INQUIRY: The relationship between the structure and function of our parts is one way that we define what it means to be human. IB TRAIT: KNOWLEDGEABLE, COMMUNICATORS and INQUIRERS

Homework Write definitions for: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. gene chromosome chromatid homologous chromosome prophase Metaphase Anaphase telophase mitosis cytokinesis

Cellular Division 22

DNA Replication üDNA must be copied or replicated before cell division üEach new cell will then have identical copy the DNA Original DNA strand Two new, identical DNA strands an of 23

Chromosomes 24

Prokaryotic Chromosome ü The DNA of prokaryotes (bacteria) is one, circular chromosome attached to the inside of the cell membrane 25

Eukaryotic Chromosomes üAll eukaryotic information in cells store genetic chromosomes ü Most eukaryotes have between 10 and 50 chromosomes in their body cells ü Human body cells have 46 chromosomes or 23 identical pairs 26

Eukaryotic Chromosomes üEach chromosome is composed of a single, tightly coiled DNA molecule üChromosomes can’t be seen when cells aren’t dividing and are called chromatin 27

Chromosomes in Dividing Cells üDuplicated chromosomes are called chromatids & are held together by the centromere Called Sister Chromatids 28

Karyotype ü A picture of the chromosomes from a human cell arranged in pairs by size ü First 22 pairs are called autosomes ü Last pair are the sex chromosomes ü XX female or XY male 29

Boy or Girl? The Y Chromosome Decides Y - Chromosome X - Chromosome 30

Prokaryotic Cell Undergoing Binary Fission 31

Mitosis 32

Eukaryotic Cell Division ü Used for growth and repair ü Produce two new cells identical to the original cell ü Cells are diploid (2 n) Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Chromosomes during Metaphase of mitosis Telophase Cytokinesis 33

Mitosis üDivision of the nucleus üAlso called karyokinesis üOnly occurs in eukaryotes üHas four stages üDoesn’t occur in some cells such as brain cells 34

Four Mitotic Stages üProphase üMetaphase üAnaphase üTelophase 35

Prophase What the cell looks like What’s happening 36

Metaphase üChromosomes, attached to the kinetochore fibers, move to the center of the cell üChromosomes are now lined up at the equator Equator of Cell Pole of the Cell 37

Metaphase Asters at the poles Spindle Fibers Chromosomes lined at the Equator 38

Anaphase üOccurs rapidly üSister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell by kinetochore fibers 39

Anaphase Sister Chromatids being separated 40

Telophase üSister chromatids at opposite poles üSpindle disassembles üNuclear envelope forms around each set of sister chromatids üNucleolus reappears üCYTOKINESIS occurs üChromosomes reappear as chromatin 41

Comparison of Anaphase & Telophase 42

Cytokinesis üMeans division of the cytoplasm üDivision of cell into two, identical halves called daughter cells üIn plant cells, cell plate forms at the equator to divide cell üIn animal cells, cleavage furrow forms to split cell 43

Cytokinesis Cleavage furrow in animal cell Cell plate in plant cell 44

Daughter Cells of Mitosis üHave the same number of chromosomes as each other and as the parent cell from which they were formed üIdentical to each other, but smaller than parent cell üMust grow in size to become mature cells (G 1 of Interphase) 45

Song Time • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=p. Os. Ab. Ti 9 t. Hw&index=17&list=UUGJq. RYu. Hwar 5 W 6 fz. Q O 4 Vxx. Q

Mitosis in Onion Root Tips Do you see any stages of mitosis? 48

Can we identify the Stages ? Early, Middle, & Late Prophase ? ? Metaphase Late Prophase Anaphase ? ? Late Anaphase ? Telophase ? Telophase & Cytokinesis 49

Locate the Four Mitotic Stages in Plants Anaphase Telophase Metaphase Prophase 50

3 min Brain Break here Ideas: • Drink water • Talk to someone you have not talked to today. • 25 jumping jacks • Simon Says • One minute dance party

10 min Guided Practice #2 Draw pictures of each stage of mitosis on four note cards. On one side, write the name of the stage. On the opposite side, draw an accurate sketch of the stage.

2 min Turn and Talk Discuss what your diagrams look w like and compare your phases.

Mitotic Phases

10 min Independent Practice Complete the Independent Practice #2 section of your guided notes. 1) Describe the events that occur during each of the four stages of mitosis. 2) Compare how cytokinesis occurs in plant cells with how it occurs in animal cells. Voice level 0

Exit Ticket 5 min Complete the exit ticket silently and stack at your table group when you are finished. You may pack up your things.

STOP Cards S T O P Summarize: Summarize the day’s lesson and what we learned. Trait: What IB trait relates to the lesson? Objective: Re-state in your own words and say whether or not we met that objective for the day. Purpose: What was the purpose of this lesson?

Exit Procedure • SILENTLY 1. Pack up all of your things. 2. Wait for teach directions to: 1. Push in your chair. 2. Form a line at the door. 3. Silently exit the classroom. 3. Hallways are a Level 1 (whisper)