State of the Art Gas Absorption Technologies CANSOLV

State of the Art Gas Absorption Technologies CANSOLV TECHNOLOGIES INC. www. cansolv. com CANSOLV SO 2 SCRUBBING SYSTEM: Review of Commercial Applications for Smelter SO 2 Emissions Control Presented at: The Southern African Institute of Mining & Metallurgy ZAMBIA By: Valérie Léveillé, Eng. May 5, 2009 1

State of the Art Gas Absorption Technologies Outline 1. Overview of CTI; 2. Description of the SO 2 technology; 3. Review of commercial applications; 4. Integration to smelter emissions management. May 5, 2009 2

State of the Art Gas Absorption Technologies Corporate Profile n Cansolv Technologies Inc. (CTI) founded in 1997 – Headquarters in Montreal, Canada – Technology acquired from Union Carbide n Cansolv Technologies Shenzhen (CTS) founded in 2004 – Chinese subsidiary for Sales/Marketing & Procurement in Asia n Acquisition by Shell Global Solutions in December 2008 n Chemical Initiatives appointed agents for Africa 2009 May 5, 2009 3

State of the Art Gas Absorption Technologies Corporate Profile n SO 2 Technology – 9 Cansolv SO 2 Scrubbing units in operation; – 5 Cansolv SO 2 Scrubbing units to start-up in 2009; – 5 Cansolv SO 2 Scrubbing units to start-up in 2010; n CO 2 Technology – 3 Cansolv CO 2 Capture demo plants in detailed engineering – Successful demonstration in 6 piloting campaigns May 5, 2009 4

State of the Art Gas Absorption Technologies CANSOLV® SO 2 Scrubbing System n A regenerable SO 2 absorption process n Similar to H 2 S/CO 2 amine treater units n Aqueous diamine absorbent is highly selective for SO 2 n Pure, water- saturated SO 2 byproduct n Robust, easy to operate process with low emissions n Handles gas with varying SO 2 concentrations n High tolerance for dust and SO 3/acid mist in gas May 5, 2009 5

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State of the Art Gas Absorption Technologies Amine Characteristics n Amine developed for oxidised environments – Oxidation degradation losses per year < 2% of annual inventory n Very low amine volatility (ppb levels) – Amine in salt form undetectable losses with treated gas n n High tolerance for dust ingress High tolerance for strong acid ingress May 5, 2009 7

State of the Art Gas Absorption Technologies SO 2 Product Management n SO 2 by-product is high purity – 99. 9% SO 2 dry basis, balance composed of traces of CO 2, N 2, O 2 – Food grade quality SO 2 product demonstrated n SO 2 product handling: – Return to new/existing sulphuric acid plant; – Return to existing sulphur recovery unit; – Compress and liquefy; – Convert to bisulfite May 5, 2009 8

State of the Art Gas Absorption Technologies How CTI Customers Handle By-Product Profile May 5, 2009 9

State of the Art Gas Absorption Technologies Commercial Units – Metallurgical and Acid Plant Applications Application Location Flow (Nm 3/hr) By-Product Feed SO 2 Conc. SO 2 Emissions SARP Acid Plant N/S America 40, 000 H 2 SO 4 (existing) 5, 000 ppm 15 ppm Operating (s/u 2002) Lead Smelter Asia-Pacific 34, 000 H 2 SO 4 (existing) 0. 1 – 12. 5% 90 ppm Operating (s/u 2005) Copper Anode Furnace Asia-Pacific 43, 000 H 2 SO 4 (existing) 0. 09 – 2% 50 ppm Operating (s/u 2007) Catalyst recovery N/S America roaster 48, 000 Liquid SO 2/Bisulfite (new) 9100 ppm Operating (s/u 2008) Sinter Machine (secondary) Asia-Pacific 350, 000 H 2 SO 4 (existing) 2400 ppm 140 ppm Start-up Sinter Machine (primary) Asia-Pacific 2 x 510, 000 H 2 SO 4 (new) 800 ppm 40 ppm Start-Up Lead Smelter + AP Asia-Pacific 83, 000 H 2 SO 4 (new) 0. 1 – 8% 140 ppm Construction (s/u 2009) May 5, 2009 Status 10

State of the Art Gas Absorption Technologies Active Projects – Non ferrous and Acid Plant Applications Application Location Flow (Nm 3/hr) By. Product Feed SO 2 Conc. Asia. Pacific 95, 000 sulphur (new) 15 -30% 250 ppm Engineering N/S America 100, 000 H 2 SO 4 (existing) 0. 1 – 3% 200 ppm Engineering (piloting campaign 2007) Lead Sinter Machine Asia. Pacific 265, 000 H 2 SO 4 (new) 1 – 2% 200 ppm Engineering (piloting campaign 2008) Copper Smelter Converters N/S America 600, 000 H 2 SO 4 (existing) 4, 000 ppm 200 ppm Engineering Fertilizer Acid Plant N/S America 160, 000 H 2 SO 4 (existing) 5, 000 ppm 20 ppm Engineering Copper Smelter Furnace Nickel Smelter Converter + Furnace May 5, 2009 SO 2 Status Emissions 11

State of the Art Gas Absorption Technologies SARP Acid Plant Tail Gas n n n Single absorption Replace alkali scrubbing process Modular Plant – Absorber retrofit (FRP) May 5, 2009 12

State of the Art Gas Absorption Technologies Lead Smelter Offgas n n Batch anode furnace Load levelling design – 0. 1 – 12% SO 2 – Constant SO 2 production n SO 2 recycle to existing acid plant – Main acid plant feed is roaster May 5, 2009 13

State of the Art Gas Absorption Technologies Co-gen boiler flue gas n 965, 000 Nm 3/hr – 5 absorbers, 1 regenerator n New sulphuric acid plant – Single absorption with Canso APTG May 5, 2009 14

State of the Art Gas Absorption Technologies Key Advantages in Smelter Applications 1. Suitability to treat variable and dilute (<5%) SO 2 loads 2. Flexibility in gas cleaning design 3. Manage SO 2 from multiple sources at a single site May 5, 2009 15

State of the Art Gas Absorption Technologies 1. Treats Variable & Dilute SO 2 Load n Load levelling design – Vary lean amine flow to SO 2 absorber – Constant rich amine flow to regenerator – Larger amine inventory n Maintain SO 2 emissions n Decouple variable nature of smelter gas from sulphuric acid production – SO 2 product & Sulphuric acid production are continuous at constant flowrate – Eliminates need to burn sulphur to strengthen AP feed – Design capacity based on average smelter SO 2 load May 5, 2009 16

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State of the Art Gas Absorption Technologies 2. Flexibility in gas cleaning design n Amine has high tolerance for dust and SO 3 ingress n Optimise between gas cleaning and amine purification – Reduced gas cleaning increases amine purification required – Capital/operating cost advantages often favour amine purification May 5, 2009 18

State of the Art Gas Absorption Technologies 2. Flexibility in gas cleaning design May 5, 2009 19

State of the Art Gas Absorption Technologies 3. Manage SO 2 from multiple sources at a single site n Multiple absorbers may be used with a single regenerator n Several secondary sources: furnaces, converters n Acid plant tail gas has low SO 2 load vs. smelter n Leverage existing Cansolv plant to minimise capex May 5, 2009 20

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State of the Art Gas Absorption Technologies Thank you! May 5, 2009 22