STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY MANAGEMENT OPM

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STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division WWW. CT. GOV/OPM/Criminal. Justice/Research An Analysis of Connecticut Burglary Crime Data Presentation to the Sentencing Task Force October 2, 2007 1

STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division WWW. CT. GOV/OPM/Criminal. Justice/Research Acknowledgements Forecasting/Research Work Group Research Consultant to the U. S. Attorneys Office of Policy and Management Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Department of Correction (DOC) Offender Classification Ivan Kuzyk John E. Forbes, Assistant Director Frederick J. Levesque, Director Linda D. De. Conti, M. Sc. , Research Manager Department of Correction (DOC) Alyse A. Chin, M. S. W. , Assistant Manager Jody Barry, Research Analyst Board of Pardons & Paroles (BOPP) Richard Sparaco, Parole & CS Manager Central Connecticut State University Department of Public Safety (DPS) Stephen M. Cox, Ph. D. , SAC Director Tom Myers, IT Analyst 2 Lyndsay Ruffolo, Program Administrator Office of Legislative Research State of Connecticut Judicial Branch Christopher Reinhart, Senior Attorney Court Operations Judith Lee, Esq. , Caseflow Mgmt. Specialist Court Support Services Division Center for Research & Quality Improvement Jerry Stowell, Ph. D. , Consultant Department of Public Safety (DPS) Division of State Police Lois A. Desmarais, Planning Specialist Gary Lopez, Planning Specialist Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services (DMHAS) Alfred Bidorini, Director of Planning Brian Hill, Manager Susan C. Glass, Program Manager 2

STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division WWW. CT. GOV/OPM/Criminal. Justice/Research Stephen M. Cox, Ph. D. Central Connecticut State University Connecticut Statistical Analysis Center (SAC) Director and Co-Chair for the Forecasting/Research Work Group 3

STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division WWW. CT. GOV/OPM/Criminal. Justice/Research Data Qualifications From the Research Perspective… • Our collaborative strength bridges the gap in data sharing where current technology and comparable resources may not exist. • This is the best data that we have at the moment – we have more work to do. • Why can’t we get that now? • There are data collection flaws and the data is imprecise. • People incorrectly assume data systems are reporting systems. • Each agency maintains their information for their own operational purpose. These are real time operational systems and NOT always Research Friendly. • Some data is continually overwritten and historical records may be lost. • Cross agency issues in terms of data fields: how we define, store or search for data. • This request has shown us: How are we doing things? AND How we can improve? 4

STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division WWW. CT. GOV/OPM/Criminal. Justice/Research Presentation Outline • Overview/Trends • Process • Who’s in the System Now • Issues for Further Study 5

STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division WWW. CT. GOV/OPM/Criminal. Justice/Research Overview/Trends • National Rankings for Burglary • Trends in Burglary Arrest Data • Burglary Statutes in Connecticut • Classification of Violent Offenses in Connecticut 6

STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division WWW. CT. GOV/OPM/Criminal. Justice/Research National Rankings for Burglary Source: Crime in the United States, 2006. U. S. Department of Justice — Federal Bureau of Investigation, September 2007. * Definition: The Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program defines burglary as the unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or theft. To classify an offense as a burglary, the use of force to gain entry need not have occurred. The Program has three sub-classifications for burglary: forcible entry, unlawful entry where no force is used, and attempted forcible entry. The UCR definition of “structure” includes, for example, apartment, barn, house trailer or houseboat when used as a permanent dwelling, office, railroad car (but not automobile), stable, and vessel (i. e. , ship). 7

STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division WWW. CT. GOV/OPM/Criminal. Justice/Research Trends in Burglary Offense Data (2004) US CT Source: Department of Public Safety, 2004 “Crime in Connecticut” 8

STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division WWW. CT. GOV/OPM/Criminal. Justice/Research 2004 Burglary Offense Data • Most burglaries happen during the day • Nearly 70% of all burglaries take place at a residence • Slightly more than 20% of all burglaries happen at a residence during the night Source: Department of Public Safety, 2004 “Crime in Connecticut” DATA NOTE: This publication uses UCR and NIBRS data combined. 9

STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division WWW. CT. GOV/OPM/Criminal. Justice/Research Burglary Statutes in Connecticut Source: OLR Research Report - Burglary Statutes, 2007 -R-0505, August 22, 2007, Christopher Reinhart, Senior Attorney 10

STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division WWW. CT. GOV/OPM/Criminal. Justice/Research Classification of Violent Offenses in Connecticut Department of Correction (DOC) Source: State of Connecticut, Department of Correction, Objective Classification Manual, Revised July 2005 http: //www. ct. gov/doc/lib/doc/PDFReport/Classification. Manual. Library. Copy. pdf 11

STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division WWW. CT. GOV/OPM/Criminal. Justice/Research Classification of Violent Offenses in Connecticut Board of Pardons and Paroles (BOPP) • Any individual convicted of Conspiracy (53 a-48), Criminal Attempt (53 a-49) or Criminal Liability (53 a-8) to the aforementioned statutes, or who is convicted of Violation of Probation where the underlying charge is one of the aforementioned statutes, is subject to 85% designation provided the offenses or underlying offenses are committed after July 1, 1996. Source: State of Connecticut, Board of Pardons and Paroles 85% Regulations: Definitions of Violent Offenses (P. A. 95 -255 for offenses committed after 7/1/96) 53 a 48/53 a 54 53 a 49/53 a 54 53 a-55 a 53 a-56 a 53 a-56 b 53 a-57 53 a-59 b 53 a-60 a 53 a-60 b 53 a-60 c 53 a-59 a 53 a-70 b 53 a-72 b 53 a-92 a 53 a-94 a 53 a-95 53 a-101 53 a-102 a 53 a-103 a 53 a-111 53 a-112 53 a-134 53 a-135 53 a-136 53 a-167 c 53 a-179 b 53 a-179 c Conspiracy to Commit Murder Criminal Attempt to Commit Murder Manslaughter 1 st with a Firearm Manslaughter 2 nd with a Motor Vehicle Misconduct with a Motor Vehicle Assault 1 st Assault on Department of Correction Employee Assault 2 nd with a Firearm Assault of a Victim Sixty or Older Sexual Assault 1 st Sexual Assault in a Spousal or Cohabiting Relationship Sexual Assault 3 rd with a Firearm Kidnapping 1 st with a Firearm Kidnapping 2 nd with a Firearm Unlawful Restraint 1 st Burglary 2 nd with a Firearm Burglary 3 rd with a Firearm Arson 1 st Arson 2 nd Robbery 1 st Robbery 2 nd Robbery 3 rd Assault on a Policeman or Fireman Rioting in a Correctional Facility Inciting a Riot in a Correctional Facility 12

STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division WWW. CT. GOV/OPM/Criminal. Justice/Research Classification of Violent Offenses in Connecticut Judicial Branch Court Support Services Division (CSSD) CSSD Administrative Monitoring Excluded Offenses • List of statutes used by CSSD Adult Probation Officers to determine whether or not an individual on probation is eligible to be placed on administrative monitoring if the risk assessment indicates they are low risk. Source: State of Connecticut, Judicial Branch, Court Support Services Division 13

STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division WWW. CT. GOV/OPM/Criminal. Justice/Research Process Offenses and Court Disposition by Burglary Statute • 81% of Burglary offenses are Burglary 3 (53 a-103) • 43% of all Burglary offenses end in a Conviction (Convictions and Plea) • 57% of all Burglary offenses receive a Nolle Aggregations of Judicial Case Data for Burglary Statutes, FY 2002 to FY 2007 Source: OLR Research Report – Burglary Statistics, 2007 -R-0506, August 27, 2007, Christopher Reinhart, Senior Attorney (Aggregation of Table 4) 15

STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division WWW. CT. GOV/OPM/Criminal. Justice/Research Process Offenses and Length of Prison Sentence • Burglary 1: 95% of Convicted Offenders were Sentenced to Prison 7. 8 years Average Sentence • Burglary 2: 79% of Convicted Offenders were Sentenced to Prison 2. 2 years Average Sentence Judicial Data for Burglary Statutes, FY 2002 to FY 2007 Source: State of Connecticut, Judicial Branch, Court Operations Data; Analyzed by Stephen M. Cox, Ph. D. , Central Connecticut State University 16

STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division WWW. CT. GOV/OPM/Criminal. Justice/Research Process Offenses and Type of Sentence • Burglary 1: 59% of Convicted Offenders were Sentenced to Prison with some form of post-release supervision • Burglary 2: 50% of Convicted Offenders were Sentenced to Prison with some form of post-release supervision Judicial Data for Burglary Statutes, FY 2002 to FY 2007 Prison Only Probation Only 53 a-101 119 10 145 41 315 53 a-102 337 228 463 103 1, 131 53 a-102 a 1 1 2 1 53 a-103 2, 671 2, 223 2, 352 211 53 a-103 a 5 3 3 0 3, 133 2, 465 2, 965 356 Total Prison followed by Probation Special Parole Total 5 7, 457 11 8, 919 Source: State of Connecticut, Judicial Branch, Court Operations Data; Analyzed by Stephen M. Cox, Ph. D. , Central Connecticut State University 17

STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division WWW. CT. GOV/OPM/Criminal. Justice/Research Who’s in the System Now (September 14, 2007) Persons Convicted of Burglary: Probation or DOC Supervision • Total DOC Supervision: 25, 631 • 4, 689 or 18% of DOC offenders have been convicted of at least one burglary • Only 237 had a single criminal docket, which means the vast majority of offenders had more than one conviction. • Burglary convictions include current or past sentence. • Third Degree Burglary has the highest number of Offenders *Total for Probation represents more than the total number of probationers, since some had multiple burglary convictions. Source: State of Connecticut, Judicial Branch, Court Support Services Division; and Connecticut Department of Correction Data Analyzed by Ivan Kuzyk, Research Consultant to the U. S. Attorneys Office 19

STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division WWW. CT. GOV/OPM/Criminal. Justice/Research Who’s in the System Now (September 14, 2007) Persons Convicted of Burglary: Probation or DOC Supervision • 74% of the 4, 689 DOC offenders convicted of at least one burglary are incarcerated • At least 19% of burglars are in DOC Community Supervision, which is less than 4% of the Total DOC Population Source: State of Connecticut, Judicial Branch, Court Support Services Division; and Connecticut Department of Correction Data Analyzed by Ivan Kuzyk, Research Consultant to the U. S. Attorneys Office 20

STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division WWW. CT. GOV/OPM/Criminal. Justice/Research Who’s in the System Now (September 14, 2007) Persons Convicted of Burglary: Maximum Sentence * 21 burglars excluded with sentences of 999 yrs Source: Connecticut Department of Correction Data Analyzed by Ivan Kuzyk, Research Consultant to the U. S. Attorneys Office 21

STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division WWW. CT. GOV/OPM/Criminal. Justice/Research Who’s in the System Now (September 14, 2007) Persons Convicted of Burglary: DOC Supervision For the 4, 689 Total Burglars the Median Age: At First Conviction: 21 years old At Last Conviction: 28 years old Data represents the first conviction that resulted in incarceration and not the first conviction overall. Source: Connecticut Department of Correction Data Analyzed by Ivan Kuzyk, Research Consultant to the U. S. Attorneys Office 22

STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division WWW. CT. GOV/OPM/Criminal. Justice/Research Who’s in the System Now (September 14, 2007) Persons Convicted of Burglary: DOC Supervision • Relative to the adult population, burglars as well as all offenders have significantly lower levels of educational attainment. • While 31% of Connecticut adults have at least a four year degree, less than 1% of convicted burglars have completed 4 years of college Burglars All Offenders CT Adults • Convicted burglars compared to other offenders have a slightly higher level of educational attainment Source: Connecticut Department of Correction Data Analyzed by Ivan Kuzyk, Research Consultant to the U. S. Attorneys Office 23

STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division WWW. CT. GOV/OPM/Criminal. Justice/Research Who’s in the System Now (September 14, 2007) Persons Convicted of Burglary: DOC Supervision • Burglars had a higher level Alcohol/Drug Score compared to all offenders under DOC Supervision • Compared to all other offenders, Burglars had a higher level Discipline Score • Burglars had a similar Mental Health Score compared to all offenders under DOC Supervision • Compared to all other offenders, Burglars had a higher level Violence Score Source: Connecticut Department of Correction Data Analyzed by Ivan Kuzyk, Research Consultant to the U. S. Attorneys Office 24

STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division WWW. CT. GOV/OPM/Criminal. Justice/Research Who’s in the System Now (September 14, 2007) Persons Convicted of Burglary: Top 20 Town of Residence • All offenders who were under DOC supervision on September 14, 2007 identified 907 locations as their place-of-residence. • Burglars identified 334 places as their place-ofresidence. • 71% of burglars come from the 20 towns. Source: Connecticut Department of Correction Data Analyzed by Ivan Kuzyk, Research Consultant to the U. S. Attorneys Office 25

STATE OF CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF POLICY & MANAGEMENT (OPM) Criminal Justice Policy & Planning Division WWW. CT. GOV/OPM/Criminal. Justice/Research Issues for Further Study From the Research Perspective… Recommendations to the Task Force: • Establish a clear vision of what problem(s) it is trying to solve and which information will be most helpful to support solutions to those problems. • Need a common definition of “Violent Offenders” in Connecticut. Recommendations to Improve Research: • Meet with OBTS staff to discuss research/data needs and data accessibility. • Set standards for data quality within the Connecticut criminal justice system. • Consider how things are counted and recorded – individuals, cases, dockets and charges can be difficult to reconcile. • Need to develop and implement a consistent, unique identifier that begins at arrest to follow offenders through the Connecticut criminal justice system. 27